Title

Measuring Team Cohesion: Observations from the Science

Authors

Authors

E. Salas; R. Grossman; A. M. Hughes;C. W. Coultas

Comments

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Abbreviated Journal Title

Hum. Factors

Keywords

organizational behavior; design; organizational psychology; macroergonomics and the environment; group processes; social processes; team dynamics; teams and groups; team collaboration; team communication; PROJECT TEAMS; PERFORMANCE; TIME; CREATIVITY; Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, ; Applied; Psychology

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to review literature relevant to cohesion measurement, explore developing measurement approaches, and provide theoretical and practical recommendations for optimizing cohesion measurement. Background: Cohesion is essential for team effectiveness and performance, leading researchers to focus attention on understanding how to enhance it. However, cohesion is inconsistently defined and measured, making it difficult to compare findings across studies and limiting the ability to advance science and practice. Method: We reviewed empirical research through which we uncovered specific information about cohesion's conceptualization, measurement, and relationships with performance, culminating in a set of current trends from which we provide suggestions and possible solutions to guide future efforts and help the field converge toward greater consistency. Results: Cohesion demonstrates more significant relationships with performance when conceptualized using social and task (but not other) dimensions and when analyses are performed at the team level. Cohesion is inherently temporal, yet researchers rarely measure cohesion at multiple points during the life of a team. Finally, cohesion matters in large, dynamic collectives, complicating measurement. However, innovative and unobtrusive methodologies are being used, which we highlight. Conclusion: Practitioners and researchers are encouraged to define cohesion with task and social subdimensions and to measure with behavioral and attitudinal operationalizations. Individual and team-oriented items are recommended, though team-level analyses are most effective. Innovative/unobtrusive methods should be further researched to enable cohesion measurement longitudinally and in large, dynamic collectives. Application: By applying our findings and conclusions, researchers and practitioners will be more likely to find consistent, reliable, and significant cohesion-to-performance relationships.

Journal Title

Human Factors

Volume

57

Issue/Number

3

Publication Date

1-1-2015

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

365

Last Page

374

WOS Identifier

WOS:000353038600001

ISSN

0018-7208

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