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Abstract

Marquis James, in his biography of Andrew Jackson, alluded to John Forbes and Company, a firm which had succeeded Panton, Leslie and Company in 1804, and asserted that members of the Forbes enterprise “remained the actual rulers of Florida.” Among its members in 1804 were James Innerarity and his brother John. Of the latter, Marquis wrote: “Like a white shadow, John Innerarity glided through the weaving labyrinth, never on the losing side.“ Another scholar contended that individuals connected with both companies “were influential with the governments under which they lived, and exercised unmeasured control over the Indian tribes with which they dealt.“ Both judgments may incline somewhat toward hyperbole, but they also give some inkling as to why these firms, which operated in the southeastern Spanish borderlands in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, have been the subject of substantial scholarly research and writing.

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