Keywords

American Punitiveness; Public Opinion; Crime-Control Policy; Racial Politics

Abstract

Despite the decay in the acceptability of explicit racism brought about by the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, implicit racism may continue to inform individual decision making even into the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Utilizing data from 25 years of the General Social Survey, this study examines how indicators of symbolic racism, a form of implicit racism, impact punitive policy preferences among the general United States population using separate logistic regression models isolating each indicator, plus a full model, for each outcome. Punitive policy preferences were operationalized as support for increased spending on crime prevention and harsher punishments. Controlling for a variety of factors such as conservatism, religiosity, nativity status, and explicit racism, this study found significant positive relationships between indicators of symbolic racism and preferences towards harsher courts and the death penalty; however, limited support was found for a relationship between indicators of symbolic racism and increased law enforcement spending and crime spending. Directions for how future research can further clarify the relationship between symbolic racism and preferences towards criminal justice policy are discussed.

Thesis Completion Year

2026

Thesis Completion Semester

Summer

Thesis Chair

Caudy, Michael

College

College of Community Innovation and Education

Department

Criminal Justice

Thesis Discipline

Criminal Justice

Language

English

Access Status

Open Access

Length of Campus Access

None

Campus Location

Orlando (Main) Campus

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