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Abstract

This article traces the historical evolution of academic freedom, then interrogates its constitutional moorings within First Amendment jurisprudence. Through doctrinal analysis of landmark Supreme Court opinions from Adler to Keyishian, the discussion contrasts professional and constitutional definitions of academic freedom, identifying tensions between individual scholarly liberty and institutional autonomy. Case law on intramural speech, corporate academic freedom, and professional liability illustrates how courts balance educator expression against administrative interests. The article further examines challenges posed by educational malpractice claims, tenure disputes, and liability insurance, situating these developments within governance debates in higher education. By synthesizing legal scholarship, court decisions, and policy commentary, this article clarifies ambiguous constitutional contours, underscores unresolved doctrinal questions, and suggests avenues for future litigation and policy formulation regarding academic governance and free expression.

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