The green vaccine A global strategy to combat infectious and autoimmune diseases

    Authors

    A. Davoodi-Semiromi; N. Samson;H. Daniell

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Hum. Vaccines

    Keywords

    chloroplast genetic engineering; plant vaccine; infectious diseases; autoimmune; cholera; malaria; anthrax; plague; diabetes; HIV; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; TOXIN B-SUBUNIT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; CHLOROPLASTS; NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; PLANT-BASED; VACCINE; PROTEIN E2 GENE; CHOLERA-TOXIN; RETINOIC-ACID; DENDRITIC CELLS; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology

    Abstract

    Plant derived oral green vaccines eliminate expenses associated with fermenters, purification, cold storage/transportation and sterile delivery. Green vaccines are expressed via the plant nuclear or chloroplast genomes. Chloroplast expression has advantages of hyper-expression of therapeutic proteins ( 10,000 copies of transgene per cell), efficient oral delivery and transgene containment via maternal inheritance. To date, 23 vaccine antigens against 16 different bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens have been expressed in chloroplasts. Mice subcutaneously immunized with the chloroplast derived anthrax protective antigen conferred 100% protection against lethal doses of the anthrax toxin. Oral immunization ( ORV) of F1-V antigens without adjuvant conferred greater protection ( 88%) against 50-fold lethal dose of aerosolized plague ( Yersinia pestis) than subcutaneous ( SQV) immunization ( 33%). Oral immunization of malarial vaccine antigens fused to the cholera antigen ( CTB-AMA1/CTB-Msp1) conferred prolonged immunity ( 50% life span), 100% protection against cholera toxin challenge and inhibited proliferation of the malarial parasite. Protection was correlated with antigen-specific titers of intestinal, serum IgA & IgG1 in ORV and only IgG1 in SQV mice, but no other immunoglobulin. High level expression in edible plant chloroplasts ideal for oral delivery and long-term immunity observed should facilitate development of low cost human vaccines for large populations, at times of outbreak.

    Journal Title

    Human Vaccines

    Volume

    5

    Issue/Number

    7

    Publication Date

    1-1-2009

    Document Type

    Editorial Material

    Language

    English

    First Page

    488

    Last Page

    493

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000268601900009

    ISSN

    1554-8619

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