Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Provokes Inflammation of an in Vitro Human Immune Construct

    Authors

    B. C. Schanen; A. S. Karakoti; S. Seal; D. R. Drake; W. L. Warren;W. T. Self

    Abbreviated Journal Title

    ACS Nano

    Keywords

    nanoparticles; titanium dioxide; toxicology; human; inflammation; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; NANOSTRUCTURED TIO2; AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD; MONOCYTES; INNATE IMMUNITY; CARBON-BLACK; CANCER-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &; Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

    Abstract

    Nanoparticle technology is undergoing significant expansion largely because of the potential of nanoparticles as biomaterials, drug delivery vehicles, cancer therapeutics, and immunopotentiators. Incorporation of nanoparticle technologies for in vivo applications increases the urgency to characterize nanomaterial immunogenicity. This study explores titanium dioxide, one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials, synthesized into its three most common nanoarchitectures: anatase (7-10 nm), rutile (15-20 nm), and nanotube (10-15 nm diameters, 70-150 nm length). The fully human autologous MIMIC immunological construct has been utilized as a predictive, nonanimal alternative to diagnose nanoparticle immunogenicity. Cumulatively, treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the MIMIC system led to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased maturation and expression of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells. Additionally, these treatments effectively primed activation and proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells in comparison to dendritic cells treated with micrometer-sized ( > 1 mu m) titanium dioxide, characteristic of an in vivo inflammatory response.

    Journal Title

    Acs Nano

    Volume

    3

    Issue/Number

    9

    Publication Date

    1-1-2009

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    2523

    Last Page

    2532

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000269988600013

    ISSN

    1936-0851

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