Title

Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Provokes Inflammation of an in Vitro Human Immune Construct

Authors

Authors

B. C. Schanen; A. S. Karakoti; S. Seal; D. R. Drake; W. L. Warren;W. T. Self

Abbreviated Journal Title

ACS Nano

Keywords

nanoparticles; titanium dioxide; toxicology; human; inflammation; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; NANOSTRUCTURED TIO2; AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD; MONOCYTES; INNATE IMMUNITY; CARBON-BLACK; CANCER-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &; Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Abstract

Nanoparticle technology is undergoing significant expansion largely because of the potential of nanoparticles as biomaterials, drug delivery vehicles, cancer therapeutics, and immunopotentiators. Incorporation of nanoparticle technologies for in vivo applications increases the urgency to characterize nanomaterial immunogenicity. This study explores titanium dioxide, one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials, synthesized into its three most common nanoarchitectures: anatase (7-10 nm), rutile (15-20 nm), and nanotube (10-15 nm diameters, 70-150 nm length). The fully human autologous MIMIC immunological construct has been utilized as a predictive, nonanimal alternative to diagnose nanoparticle immunogenicity. Cumulatively, treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the MIMIC system led to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased maturation and expression of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells. Additionally, these treatments effectively primed activation and proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells in comparison to dendritic cells treated with micrometer-sized ( > 1 mu m) titanium dioxide, characteristic of an in vivo inflammatory response.

Journal Title

Acs Nano

Volume

3

Issue/Number

9

Publication Date

1-1-2009

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

2523

Last Page

2532

WOS Identifier

WOS:000269988600013

ISSN

1936-0851

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