Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels

    Authors

    K. S. Im; M. H. Pesaran;Y. Shin

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    J. Econom.

    Keywords

    heterogeneous dynamic panels; tests of unit roots; t-bar statistics; finite sample properties; MOMENTS; MODELS; Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, ; Mathematical Methods

    Abstract

    This paper proposes unit root tests for dynamic heterogeneous panels based on the mean of individual unit root statistics. In particular it proposes a standardized t-bar test statistic based on the (augmented) Dickey-Fuller statistics averaged across the groups. Under a general setting this statistic is shown to converge in probability to a standard normal variate sequentially with T (the time series dimension) -- > infinity, followed by N (the cross sectional dimension) -- > infinity. A diagonal convergence result with T and N -- > infinity while N/T -- > k, k being a finite non-negative constant, is also conjectured. In the special case where errors in individual Dickey-Fuller (DF) regressions are serially uncorrelated a modified version of the standardized t-bar statistic is shown to be distributed as standard normal as N -- > infinity for a fixed T, so long as T > 5 in the case of DF regressions with intercepts and T > 6 in the case of DF regressions with intercepts and linear time trends. An exact fixed N and T test is also developed using the simple average of the DF statistics. Monte Carlo results show that if a large enough lag order is selected for the underlying ADF regressions, then the small sample performances of the t-bar test is reasonably satisfactory and generally better than the test proposed by Levin and Lin (Unpublished manuscript, University of California, San Diego, 1993). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    Journal Title

    Journal of Econometrics

    Volume

    115

    Issue/Number

    1

    Publication Date

    1-1-2003

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    53

    Last Page

    74

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000183025000003

    ISSN

    0304-4076

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