Hylid frog phylogeny and sampling strategies for speciose clades

    Authors

    J. J. Wiens; J. W. Fetzner; C. L. Parkinson;T. W. Reeder

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Syst. Biol.

    Keywords

    amphibians; anurans; combined analysis; hylid frogs; missing data; taxon; sampling; BAYESIAN POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; COMBINING DATA SETS; DNA-SEQUENCES; MISSING DATA; SUBSTITUTION RATES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEAR GENES; BOOTSTRAP; INFERENCE; Evolutionary Biology

    Abstract

    How should characters and taxa be sampled to resolve efficiently the phylogeny of ancient and highly speciose groups? We addressed this question empirically in the treefrog family Hylidae, which contains > 800 species and may be nonmonophyletic with respect to other anuran families. We sampled 81 species (54 hylids and 27 outgroups) for two mitochondrial genes (12S, ND1), two nuclear genes ( POMC, c-myc), and morphology (144 characters) in an attempt to resolve higher-level relationships. We then added 117 taxa to the combined data set, many of which were sampled for only one gene (12S). Despite the relative incompleteness of the majority of taxa, the resulting trees placed all taxa in the expected higher-level clades with strong support, despite some taxa being >90% incomplete. Furthermore, we found no relationship between the completeness of a taxon and the support (parsimony bootstrap or Bayesian posterior probabilities) for its localized placement on the tree. Separate analysis of the data set with the most taxa (12S) gives a somewhat problematic estimate of higher-level relationships, suggesting that data sets scored only for some taxa (ND1, nuclear genes, morphology) are important in determining the outcome of the combined analysis. The results show that hemiphractine hylids are not closely related to other hylids and should be recognized as a distinct family. They also show that the speciose genus Hyla is polyphyletic, but that its species can be arranged into three monophyletic genera. A new classification of hylid frogs is proposed. Several potentially misleading signals in the morphological data are discussed.

    Journal Title

    Systematic Biology

    Volume

    54

    Issue/Number

    5

    Publication Date

    1-1-2005

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    719

    Last Page

    748

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000232883700004

    ISSN

    1063-5157

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