Authors

D. H. Choi; Y. J. Kim; Y. G. Kim; T. H. Joh; M. F. Beal;Y. S. Kim

Comments

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Abbreviated Journal Title

J. Biol. Chem.

Keywords

FAMILIAL PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; LEWY BODIES; IN-VITRO; PATHOLOGICAL FORMS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; AGGREGATION; DEMENTIA; MUTATION; MODEL; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Abstract

Evidence suggests that the C-terminal truncation of alpha-synuclein is equally important as aggregation of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson disease (PD). Our previous results showed that an endopeptidase, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), was induced and activated in dopaminergic (DA) cells upon stress conditions. Here, we report that MMP3 cleaved alpha-synuclein in vitro and in vivo and that alpha-synuclein and MMP3 were co-localized in Lewy bodies (LB) in the postmortem brains of PD patients. Incubation of alpha-synuclein with the catalytic domain of MMP3 (cMMP3) resulted in generation of several peptides, and the peptide profiles of WT alpha-synuclein (WTsyn) and A53T mutant (A53Tsyn) were different. Combined analysis using mass spectrometry and N-terminal determination revealed that MMP3 generated C-terminally truncated peptides of amino acids 1-78, 1-91, and 1-93 and that A53Tsyn produced significantly higher quantities of these peptides. Similar sizes of peptides were detected in N27 DA cells under oxidative stress and RNA interference to knock down MMP3-attenuated peptide generation. Co-overexpression of cMMP3 with either WTsyn or A53Tsyn led to a reduction in Triton X-100-insoluble aggregates and an increase in protofibril-like small aggregates. In addition, overexpression of the 1-93-amino acid peptide in the substantia nigra led to DA neuronal loss without LB-like aggregate formation. The results strongly indicate that MMP3 digestion of alpha-synuclein in DA neurons plays a pivotal role in the progression of PD through modulation of alpha-synuclein in aggregation, LB formation, and neurotoxicity.

Journal Title

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Volume

286

Issue/Number

16

Publication Date

1-1-2011

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

14168

Last Page

14177

WOS Identifier

WOS:000289556200040

ISSN

0021-9258

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