State of the Art in Stereoscopic and Autostereoscopic Displays

    Authors

    H. Urey; K. V. Chellappan; E. Erden;P. Surman

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Proc. IEEE

    Keywords

    Autostereoscopic; head-mounted displays; head tracked; multiview; parallax barrier; stereoscopic; volumetric; 3-D displays; HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAY; LESS 3-D DISPLAY; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; 3D DISPLAY; 3-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAYS; PROJECTION DISPLAY; PARALLAX BARRIER; VIEWING; AREA; SYSTEM; TRACKING; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

    Abstract

    Underlying principles of stereoscopic direct-view displays, binocular head-mounted displays, and autostereoscopic direct-view displays are explained and some early work as well as the state of the art in those technologies are reviewed. Stereoscopic displays require eyewear and can be categorized based on the multiplexing scheme as: 1) color multiplexed (old technology but there are some recent developments; low-quality due to color reproduction and crosstalk issues; simple and does not require additional electronics hardware); 2) polarization multiplexed (requires polarized light output and polarization-based passive eyewear; high-resolution and high-quality displays available); and 3) time multiplexed (requires faster display hardware and active glasses synchronized with the display; high-resolution commercial products available). Binocular head-mounted displays can readily provide 3-D, virtual images, immersive experience, and more possibilities for interactive displays. However, the bulk of the optics, matching of the left and right ocular images and obtaining a large field of view make the designs quite challenging. Some of the recent developments using unconventional optical relays allow for thin form factors and open up new possibilities. Autostereoscopic displays are very attractive as they do not require any eyewear. There are many possibilities in this category including: two-view (the simplest implementations are with a parallax barrier or a lenticular screen), multiview, head tracked (requires active optics to redirect the rays to a moving viewer), and super multiview (potentially can solve the accommodation-convergence mismatch problem). Earlier 3-D booms did not last long mainly due to the unavailability of enabling technologies and the content. Current developments in the hardware technologies provide a renewed interest in 3-D displays both from the consumers and the display manufacturers, which is evidenced by the recent commercial products and new research results in this field.

    Journal Title

    Proceedings of the Ieee

    Volume

    99

    Issue/Number

    4

    Publication Date

    1-1-2011

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    540

    Last Page

    555

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000288682500003

    ISSN

    0018-9219

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