Title

Propagation and stability characteristics of laminar lifted diffusion flame base

Authors

Authors

R. H. Chen; Z. L. Li;T. X. Phuoc

Comments

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Abbreviated Journal Title

Combust. Flame

Keywords

Flame lift-off; Stabilization; Triple flame; Flame base; Flame; propagation speed; Damkohler number; TURBULENT JET FLAMES; TRIPLE FLAME; STABILIZATION MECHANISMS; NONPREMIXED JET; HEAT RELEASE; FUEL JETS; LIFTOFF; EDGE; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical

Abstract

Numerical calculations of the flame propagation speed and the Damkohler number (Da) at laminar lifted flame base were carried out. The results are intended for further understanding the propagation and the Damkohler mechanisms for flame stabilization, with the former based on a tribrachial flame propagating against the local flow velocity and the latter based on the competition between the reaction time and local residence time of the peak reaction zone. Propane fuel without and with dilution (40% helium and argon, by volume) was used, while the reaction scheme adopted was the one-step irreversible Arrhenius kinetics (see Li et al., Combust. Flame 157 (2010) 1484-1495) which proved successful in predicting the flame lift-off height and effects of thermal expansion and multi-component diffusion. The results reported in this paper show that the flame base propagation speed is up to approximately four times of the one-dimensional stoichiometric flame speed of the fuels used, depending on where the propagation front is defined. These results are compared with previously published experimental and theoretical results from laminar and turbulent diffusion flames. It is found that the flame base propagation speed (V-p) increases in the downstream direction as a result of increasing jet velocity (V-o) under most flame conditions, providing a stabilizing mechanism. However, there exist conditions where V-p decreases while the flame stabilizes. The flame base Damkohler number (Da) always increases as the flame liftoff height increases (resulting from increasing jet velocity). Da is here defined as ratio of peak reaction rate of the reaction kernel (RR) to the flame stretch rate (k) determined at the intersection of the reaction kernel (approximately coinciding with the 2000 K isotherm) and the stoichiometric contour. The value of Da appears to be of the order of 10(-3) for the three fuels studied, and the increasing trend of Da with the lift-off height also helps to explain the flame stabilization. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Journal Title

Combustion and Flame

Volume

159

Issue/Number

5

Publication Date

1-1-2012

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

1821

Last Page

1831

WOS Identifier

WOS:000301698100005

ISSN

0010-2180

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