NADPH Oxidase 1-Mediated Oxidative Stress Leads to Dopamine Neuron Death in Parkinson's Disease

    Authors

    D. H. Choi; A. C. Cristovao; S. Guhathakurta; J. Lee; T. H. Joh; M. F. Beal;Y. S. Kim

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Antioxid. Redox Signal.

    Keywords

    COLON EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; CROSS-TALK; 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE NEUROTOXICITY; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; NAD(P)H; OXIDASE-1; UP-REGULATION; SUPEROXIDE; NOX1; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism

    Abstract

    Aim: Oxidative stress has long been considered as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, molecular sources for reactive oxygen species in Parkinson's disease have not been clearly elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate whether a superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are implicated in oxidative stress-mediated dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Results: Expression of various Nox isoforms and cytoplasmic components were investigated in N27, rat dopaminergic cells. While most of Nox isoforms were constitutively expressed, Nox1 expression was significantly increased after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. Rac1, a key regulator in the Nox1 system, was also activated. Striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased Nox1 expression in dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra. Interestingly, it was localized into the nucleus, and immunostaining for DNA oxidative stress marker, 8-oxo-dG, was increased. Nox1expression was also found in the nucleus of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. Adeno-associated virus-mediated Nox1 knockdown or Rac1 inhibition reduced 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative DNA damage and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration significantly. Innovation: Nox1/Rac1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: We provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are equipped with the Nox1/Rac1 superoxide-generating system. Stress-induced Nox1/Rac1 activation causes oxidative DNA damage and neurodegeneration. Reduced dopaminergic neuronal death achieved by targeting Nox1/Rac1, emphasizes the impact of oxidative stress caused by this system on the pathogenesis and therapy in Parkinson's disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 16, 1033-1045.

    Journal Title

    Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

    Volume

    16

    Issue/Number

    10

    Publication Date

    1-1-2012

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    1033

    Last Page

    1045

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000302244700001

    ISSN

    1523-0864

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