Title

Cognitive efficiency: A conceptual and methodological comparison

Authors

Authors

B. Hoffman

Comments

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Abbreviated Journal Title

Learn Instr.

Keywords

Cognitive efficiency; Learning efficiency; Cognitive load; PROBLEM-SOLVING EFFICIENCY; WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; SELF-EFFICACY; BELIEFS; INSTRUCTIONAL EFFICIENCY; MATHEMATICS STUDENTS; STRATEGY; SELECTION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; WORKED EXAMPLES; MENTAL EFFORT; PERFORMANCE; Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational

Abstract

Cognitive efficiency (CE) is generally defined as qualitative increases in knowledge gained in relation to the time and effort invested in knowledge acquisition. Across disciplines, limited consensus exists concerning the conceptual and measurement properties of CE partly because some researchers indiscriminately use the construct of CE to describe neurological, instructional, performance, and learning efficiency. In this study, two models of measuring CE, the likelihood model (Hoffman & Schraw, 2010), and the deviation model (van Cog & Paas, 2008; Paas & van Merrienboer, 1993) were used to compare problem-solving outcomes and determine if different conceptual models of CE measure the same or different efficiency constructs. The two models yielded uncorrelated scores using the same data. Further, regression analysis revealed that unique variance associated with effort, self-efficacy judgments, and background knowledge differed according to the measurement model used, suggesting that either each measurement approach assessed a different facet of CE, or the efficiency constructs measured were altogether different. Practical applications of CE research for teaching and learning are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Journal Title

Learning and Instruction

Volume

22

Issue/Number

2

Publication Date

1-1-2012

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

133

Last Page

144

WOS Identifier

WOS:000299450800005

ISSN

0959-4752

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