Design Optimization of Liquid-Phase Flow Patterns for Microfabricated Lung on a Chip

    Authors

    C. Long; C. Finch; M. Esch; W. Anderson; M. Shuler;J. Hickman

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Ann. Biomed. Eng.

    Keywords

    Modeling; Simulation; Computational fluid dynamics; Visualization; Residence time distribution; Plug flow; Transport; Bioreactor; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; DEVICES; CULTURE; LEVEL; WATER; Engineering, Biomedical

    Abstract

    Microreactors experience significant deviations from plug flow due to the no-slip boundary condition at the walls of the chamber. The development of stagnation zones leads to widening of the residence time distribution at the outlet of the reactor. A hybrid design optimization process that combines modeling and experiments has been utilized to minimize the width of the residence time distribution in a microreactor. The process was used to optimize the design of a microfluidic system for an in vitro model of the lung alveolus. Circular chambers to accommodate commercial membrane supported cell constructs are a particularly challenging geometry in which to achieve a uniform residence time distribution. Iterative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to optimize the microfluidic structures for two different types of chambers. The residence time distributions of the optimized chambers were significantly narrower than those of non-optimized chambers, indicating that the final chambers better approximate plug flow. Qualitative and quantitative visualization experiments with dye indicators demonstrated that the CFD results accurately predicted the residence time distributions within the bioreactors. The results demonstrate that such a hybrid optimization process can be used to design microreactors that approximate plug flow for in vitro tissue engineered systems. This technique has broad application for optimization of microfluidic body-on-a-chip systems for drug and toxin studies.

    Journal Title

    Annals of Biomedical Engineering

    Volume

    40

    Issue/Number

    6

    Publication Date

    1-1-2012

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    1255

    Last Page

    1267

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000304609000005

    ISSN

    0090-6964

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