Authors

K. B. Stevenson; J. Harrington; N. B. Lust; N. K. Lewis; G. Montagnier; J. I. Moses; C. Visscher; J. Blecic; R. A. Hardy; P. Cubillos;C. J. Campo

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Abbreviated Journal Title

Astrophys. J.

Keywords

planets and satellites: detection; stars: individual (GJ 436); techniques: photometric; PLANET HD 189733B; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ORBITING GJ-436; LIGHT CURVES; HOT; JUPITER; MU-M; TRANSIT; ATMOSPHERE; NEPTUNE; SEARCH; Astronomy & Astrophysics

Abstract

We report the detection of UCF-1.01, a strong exoplanet candidatewith a radius 0.66 +/- 0.04 times that of Earth (R-circle plus). This sub-Earth-sized planet transits the nearby M-dwarf star GJ 436 with a period of 1.365862 +/- 8 x 10(-6) days. We also report evidence of a 0.65 +/- 0.06R(circle plus) exoplanet candidate (labeled UCF-1.02) orbiting the same star with an undetermined period. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we measure the dimming of light as the planets pass in front of their parent star to assess their sizes and orbital parameters. If confirmed today, UCF-1.01 and UCF-1.02 would be designated GJ 436c and GJ 436d, respectively, and would be part of the first multiple-transiting-planet system outside of the Kepler field. Assuming Earth-like densities of 5.515 g cm(-3), we predict both candidates to have similar masses (similar to 0.28 Earth-masses, M-circle plus, 2.6 Mars-masses) and surface gravities of similar to 0.65 g (where g is the gravity on Earth). UCF-1.01's equilibrium temperature (T-eq, where emitted and absorbed radiation balance for an equivalent blackbody) is 860 K, making the planet unlikely to harbor life as on Earth. Its weak gravitational field and close proximity to its host star imply that UCF-1.01 is unlikely to have retained its original atmosphere; however, a transient atmosphere is possible if recent impacts or tidal heating were to supply volatiles to the surface. We also present additional observations of GJ 436b during secondary eclipse. The 3.6 mu m light curve shows indications of stellar activity, making a reliable secondary eclipse measurement impossible. A second non-detection at 4.5 mu m supports our previous work in which we find a methane-deficient and carbon monoxide-rich dayside atmosphere.

Journal Title

Astrophysical Journal

Volume

755

Issue/Number

1

Publication Date

1-1-2012

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

17

WOS Identifier

WOS:000306909500009

ISSN

0004-637X

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