Title

Forever young: SIRT3 a shield against mitochondrial meltdown, aging, and neurodegeneration

Authors

Authors

B. Kincaid;E. Bossy-Wetzel

Comments

Authors: contact us about adding a copy of your work at STARS@ucf.edu

Abbreviated Journal Title

Front. Aging Neurosci.

Keywords

SIRT3; neuroprotection; caloric restriction; aging; neurodegeneration; antioxidants; mitochondria; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; PROTECTS HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; GLUTATHIONE REDOX; STATE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; KETONE-BODY PRODUCTION; DIETARY; RESTRICTION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CALORIE RESTRICTION; CELL-DEATH; LIFE-SPAN; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences

Abstract

Caloric restriction (CR), fasting, and exercise have long been recognized for their neuroprotective and lifespan-extending properties; however, the underlying mechanisms of these phenomen are main elusive. Such extraordinary benefits might be linked to the activation of sirtuins. In mammals, the sirtuin family has seven members (SIRT1-7), which diverge in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and targets. SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 have deacetylase activity. Their dependence on NAD(+) directly links their activity to the metabolic status of the cell. High NAD(+) levels convey neuroprotective effects, possibly via activation of sirtuin family members. Mitochondrial sirtuin3 (SIRT3) has received much attention for its role in metabolism and aging. Specific small nucleotide polymorphisms in Sirt3 are linked to increased human lifespan. SIRT3 mediates the adaptation of increased energy demand during CR, fasting, and exercise to increased production of energy equivalents. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, aminoacid metabolism, the electron transport chain, and antioxidant defenses. As a result, the mitochondrial energy metabolism increases. In addition, SIRT3 prevents apoptosis by lowering reactive oxygen species and inhibiting components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial deficits associated with aging and neurodegeneration might therefore be slowed or even prevented by SIRT3 activation. In addition, upregulating SIRT3 activity by dietary supplementation of sirtuin activating compounds might promote the beneficial effects of this enzyme. The goal of this review is to summarize emerging data supporting an europrotective action of SIRT3 against Alzheimer'sdisease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Journal Title

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Volume

5

Publication Date

1-1-2013

Document Type

Review

Language

English

First Page

13

WOS Identifier

WOS:000324230000001

ISSN

1663-4365

Share

COinS