Abbreviated Journal Title
PLoS One
Keywords
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RETROCYCLIN ANALOG RC-101; ENVELOPE; GLYCOPROTEIN; TYPE-1 VARIANT; 6-HELIX BUNDLE; GP41; INFECTION; BINDING; MODEL; ENFUVIRTIDE; Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abstract
Fusion inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to prevent entry of HIV into host cells. Many of the fusion inhibitors being developed, including the drug enfuvirtide, are peptides designed to competitively inhibit the viral fusion protein gp41. With the emergence of drug resistance, there is an increased need for effective and unique alternatives within this class of antivirals. One such alternative is a class of cyclic, cationic, antimicrobial peptides known as theta-defensins, which are produced by many non-human primates and exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activity. Currently, the theta-defensin analog RC-101 is being developed as a microbicide due to its specific antiviral activity, lack of toxicity to cells and tissues, and safety in animals. Understanding potential RC-101 resistance, and how resistance to other fusion inhibitors affects RC-101 susceptibility, is critical for future development. In previous studies, we identified a mutant, R5-tropic virus that had evolved partial resistance to RC-101 during in vitro selection. Here, we report that a secondary mutation in gp41 was found to restore replicative fitness, membrane fusion, and the rate of viral entry, which were compromised by an initial mutation providing partial RC-101 resistance. Interestingly, we show that RC-101 is effective against two enfuvirtide-resistant mutants, demonstrating the clinical importance of RC-101 as a unique fusion inhibitor. These findings both expand our understanding of HIV drug-resistance to diverse peptide fusion inhibitors and emphasize the significance of compensatory gp41 mutations.
Journal Title
Plos One
Volume
8
Issue/Number
2
Publication Date
1-1-2013
Document Type
Article
Language
English
First Page
9
WOS Identifier
ISSN
1932-6203
Recommended Citation
Wood, Matthew P.; Cole, Amy L.; Ruchala, Piotr; Waring, Alan J.; Rohan, Lisa C.; Marx, Preston; Tarwater, Patrick M.; Gupta, Phalguni; and Cole, Alexander M., "A Compensatory Mutation Provides Resistance to Disparate HIV Fusion Inhibitor Peptides and Enhances Membrane Fusion" (2013). Faculty Bibliography 2010s. 4861.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/4861
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