The Biogenesis of Chylomicrons

    Authors

    C. M. Mansbach;S. A. Siddiqi

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Annu. Rev. Physiol.

    Keywords

    lipid absorption; transport vesicles; chylomicrons; complex lipid; synthesis; FATTY-ACID-BINDING; TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; PRECHYLOMICRON TRANSPORT VESICLE; MAMMALIAN ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BIOSYNTHETIC CARGO SELECTION; B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; COMPLEX; LIPID-SYNTHESIS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; ACYL-COA; Physiology

    Abstract

    The absorption of dietary fat is of increasing concern given the rise of obesity not only in the United States but throughout the developed world. This review explores what happens to dietary fat within the enterocyte. Absorbed fatty acids and monoacylglycerols are required to be bound to intracellular proteins and/or to be rapidly converted to triacylglycerols to prevent cellular membrane disruption. The triacylglycerol produced at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is either incorporated into prechylomicrons within the ER lumen or shunted to triacylglycerol storage pools. The prechylomicrons exit the ER in a specialized transport vesicle in the rate-limiting step in the intracellular transit of triacylglycerol across the enterocyte. The prechylomicrons are further processed in the Golgi and are transported to the basolateral membrane via a separate vesicular system for exocytosis into the intestinal lamina propria. Fatty acids and monoacylglycerols entering the enterocyte via the basolateral membrane are also incorporated into triacylglycerol, but the basolaterally entering lipid is much more likely to enter the triacylglycerol storage pool than the lipid entering via the apical membrane.

    Journal Title

    Annual Review of Physiology

    Volume

    72

    Publication Date

    1-1-2010

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    315

    Last Page

    333

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000276085100018

    ISSN

    0066-4278; 978-0-8243-0372-3

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