Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)

    Authors

    A. J. Cruz-Jentoft; F. Landi; S. M. Schneider; C. Zuniga; H. Arai; Y. Boirie; L. K. Chen; R. A. Fielding; F. C. Martin; J. P. Michel; C. Sieber; J. R. Stout; S. A. Studenski; B. Vellas; J. Woo; M. Zamboni;T. Cederholm

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Age Ageing

    Keywords

    exercise intervention; nutrition intervention; prevalence; age-related; sarcopenia; older people; HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FRAIL; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DWELLING OLDER-PEOPLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; Geriatrics & Gerontology

    Abstract

    Objective: to examine the clinical evidence reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia and the effect of nutrition and exercise interventions from studies using the consensus definition of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). ethods: PubMed and Dialog databases were searched (January 2000-October 2013) using pre-defined search terms. Prevalence studies and intervention studies investigating muscle mass plus strength or function outcome measures using the EWGSOP definition of sarcopenia, in well-defined populations of adults aged a parts per thousand yen50 years were selected. Results: prevalence of sarcopenia was, with regional and age-related variations, 1-29% in community-dwelling populations, 14-33% in long-term care populations and 10% in the only acute hospital-care population examined. Moderate quality evidence suggests that exercise interventions improve muscle strength and physical performance. The results of nutrition interventions are equivocal due to the low number of studies and heterogeneous study design. Essential amino acid (EAA) supplements, including similar to 2.5 g of leucine, and beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) supplements, show some effects in improving muscle mass and function parameters. Protein supplements have not shown consistent benefits on muscle mass and function. Conclusion: prevalence of sarcopenia is substantial in most geriatric settings. Well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before treatment guidelines can be developed. Physicians should screen for sarcopenia in both community and geriatric settings, with diagnosis based on muscle mass and function. Supervised resistance exercise is recommended for individuals with sarcopenia. EAA (with leucine) and HMB may improve muscle outcomes.

    Journal Title

    Age and Ageing

    Volume

    43

    Issue/Number

    6

    Publication Date

    1-1-2014

    Document Type

    Review

    Language

    English

    First Page

    748

    Last Page

    759

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000344597700007

    ISSN

    0002-0729

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