Title

Effects of Damkholer number of evaporation on the morphology of active layer and the performance of organic heterojunction solar cells fabricated by electrospray method

Authors

Authors

Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells

Comments

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Abbreviated Journal Title

Vis. Cogn.

Keywords

Electrospray; Damkholer number; Organic solar cells; Morphology; HIGH PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; SPRAY DEPOSITION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; POLYMER; SOLVENT; BLENDS; FILMS; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); EFFICIENCY; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied

Abstract

The electrospray (ES) process has emerged as a scalable and efficient fabrication method for organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). However, the ES process could often involve numerous parameters, which impose a major challenge on uncovering the interplay among process, morphology of active layers, and device performance. This work attempts to reduce the parameter space and capture the essence of the ES process using the Damkholer (Da) number of evaporation, which is the ratio of the droplet residence time over evaporation time. We first derived an explicit equation for Da that links nine different parameters affecting the process. Experimental results indicate that Da number shows strong effect on morphology and crystallinity of the active layer composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Most remarkably, the power conversion efficiency exhibits monotonically dependence on Da values spanning more than one order of magnitude, e.g., from 0.13 to 1.52. This finding suggests that Da number analysis can reduce the large parameter space in electrospray deposition, thus provides a simple way to control and predict the morphology of active layer and the performance of the solar cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Subjects

X. Y. Zhao; W. W. Yang; C. Lie; X. Z. Wang; S. L. Lim; D. C. Qi; R. Wang; Z. Q. Gao; B. X. Mi; Z. K. Chen; W. Huang;W. W. Deng

Volume

134

Publication Date

1-1-2014

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

140

Last Page

147

WOS Identifier

WOS:000349728100018

ISSN

0927-0248

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