Authors

A. J. Wells; J. R. Hoffman; A. M. Gonzalez; K. S. Beyer; A. R. Jajtner; J. R. Townsend; L. P. Oliveira; D. H. Fukuda; M. S. Fragala;J. R. Stout

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Abbreviated Journal Title

J. Int. Soc. Sport Nutr.

Keywords

Energy supplement; Slow-release; Caffeine; Health; Safety; Comprehensive; blood chemistry; Lipid profile; Complete blood counts; Resting heart; rate; Blood pressure; PARTIAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MOOD MEASURES; CAFFEINE; FATIGUE; DRINK; PSYCHOMOTOR; SENSITIVITY; CONSUMPTION; WAKEFULNESS; Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences

Abstract

Background: Recently, slow release tablets have been developed to prolong energy release throughout the day. The efficacy of the delivery of slow-release caffeine alone is fairly well documented; however, an assessment of safety and tolerability of prolonged use of slow-release energy supplements is lacking. Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of daily ingestion of a slow-release energy supplement for 28 days on blood chemistry and resting cardiovascular measures in healthy men and women. Methods: Forty healthy individuals (20 males, 20 females; age: 22.73 +/- 3.06 years; height: 171.68 +/- 10.45 cm; mass: 74.49 +/- 15.51 kg; BMI: 25.08 +/- 3.66 (kg . m(2))(-1)) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Following a 12-hour fast, participants reported for pre-testing. Testing consisted of resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure (BP) measures, followed by assessment of metabolic blood chemistry, blood lipids and complete cell counts. Participants then supplemented with either Energize (TM) (SUPP) or placebo (PL) for 28 days. Post-testing occurred 24-hours after ingestion of the final dose and consisted of the same protocol at the same time of day as pre-testing. Results: No significant changes in outcome measures were observed. A significant difference between groups was observed for plasma glucose concentrations; however, follow-up testing revealed that pre- to post-supplementation changes were not significant for either SUPP or PL. All variables remained within normal adult reference ranges. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: These findings indicate that 28 consecutive days ingestion of a slow release energy supplement containing caffeine in caffeine users is both safe and tolerable.

Journal Title

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Volume

11

Publication Date

1-1-2014

Document Type

Article

Language

English

First Page

7

WOS Identifier

WOS:000347206900001

ISSN

1550-2783

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