Toxicity Studies of AKGA/Hydrazines Degradation By-Products and Their Compatibility with Sewage Treatment Plant Operation

    Authors

    J. C. Rueda; A. A. Randall; C. Davis; C. Franco;C. L. Yestrebsky

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Environ. Eng. Sci.

    Keywords

    hydrazine; PCA; aerobic degradation; activated sludge; mPCA; AKGA; toxicity; monomethylhydrazine; TESTS; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences

    Abstract

    A new method to treat hydrazine and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) using alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKGA) was proposed. From the reaction of AKGA with hydrazine or MMH, two stable products are formed, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazinecarboxylic acid (PCA) and 1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazinecarboxylic acid (mPCA), respectively. With a focus toward use at an industrial facility, tests were undertaken to determine whether waste streams produced from this reaction can be metered into a municipal wastewater facility for final disposal. PCA and mPCA were analyzed for acute toxicity using crustaceans (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and fish (Pimephales promelas) and their effect on the wastewater treatment efficiency and viability using activated sludge (AS) microbes, and their biodegradability by AS organisms. Acute toxicity on crustaceans and fish was investigated according to the methods for acute toxicity by USEPA Method EPA-821-R-02-012. The effect of mPCA and PCA in the treatment efficiency and viability were estimated from respiration inhibition tests (USEPA, 2012) and heterotrophic plate counts. Last, the biodegradability of PCA and mPCA was assessed using the Closed Bottle Method. The results of this study showed that mPCA is significantly more toxic to C. dubia and P. promelas than PCA at the high concentrations ranges used in this study (0.5-1.5 g/L). On the other hand, PCA and mPCA did not show a significant inhibition of carbonaceous respiration of AS microbes at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 g/L, although both exhibited some inhibitory effects on nitrification. Under the conditions of this study, PCA was biodegradable by AS while mPCA was not.

    Journal Title

    Environmental Engineering Science

    Volume

    32

    Issue/Number

    2

    Publication Date

    1-1-2015

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    153

    Last Page

    162

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000349322300009

    ISSN

    1092-8758

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