Keywords

Hypospadias; Semen Quality; Cryptorchidism; Testicular Cancer; Paternal Smoking; Urogential Disorders

Abstract

Urogenital disorders, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced semen quality, represent significant congenital and developmental challenges in male reproductive health. While maternal smoking during pregnancy is a well-established risk factor, emerging evidence indicates that paternal smoking may also have adverse effects on male offspring’s reproductive development. This systematic review assessed the impact of paternal cigarette smoke exposure before and during pregnancy on the incidence of various urogenital disorders.

By synthesizing data from five critical studies, we found that paternal smoking was associated with a 3.8-fold increased risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, a 1.26-fold reduction in semen quality, and potential epigenetic changes in sperm that could elevate the risk of future reproductive health issues, including testicular cancer. These findings suggested that paternal smoking may lead to DNA damage, hormonal disruptions, and oxidative stress, which negatively affect male reproductive outcomes.

Highlighting the importance of paternal smoking cessation during the preconception and prenatal periods, this review provided evidence to inform public health strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of male urogenital disorders. The insights gathered from this review support the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to minimize prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke, with the potential to improve reproductive health outcomes in future generations.

Thesis Completion Year

2024

Thesis Completion Semester

Fall

Thesis Chair

Rovito, Michael

College

College of Health Professions and Sciences

Thesis Discipline

Health Sciences

Language

English

Access Status

Open Access

Length of Campus Access

None

Campus Location

Orlando (Main) Campus

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Rights Statement

In Copyright