Keywords

cointegration; competitiveness; error correction model; granger causality; Puerto Rico; tourism spending

Abstract

This study examines the empirical relationship between tourism and the competitiveness of a destination. It uses the cointegration and error correction model (ECM) in a bivariate context as a precondition to apply the Granger causality test. This procedure was carried out in the case of Puerto Rico's tourism industry during 1960–2004. The study found cointegration in the intertemporal rather than the contemporaneous effects, as well as a one-directional causality running from changes in tourism spending to changes in competitiveness. This result highlights the long-run equilibrium spending behaviour of tourists as a major concern of destination managers.

Publication Date

2010

Original Citation

Croes, R., & Rivera, M. (2010). Testing the impact of tourism on competitiveness: the case of Puerto Rico, Tourism Economics, 16(1), 217-234.

DOI

10.5367/000000010790872114

Number of Pages

217-234

Document Type

Paper

Language

English

Source Title

Tourism Economics

Volume

16

Issue

1

Publication Version

Publisher's version

College

Rosen College of Hospitality Management

Location

Rosen College of Hospitality Management

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