Title

The Green Vaccine: A Global Strategy To Combat Infectious And Outoimmune Diseases

Keywords

Anthrax; Autoimmune; Chloroplast genetic engineering; Cholera; Diabetes; HIV; Infectious diseases; Malaria; Plague; Plant vaccine

Abstract

Plant derived oral green vaccines eliminate expenses associated with fermenters, purification, cold storage/transportation and sterile delivery. Green vaccines are expressed via the plant nuclear or chloroplast genomes. Chloroplast expression has advantages of hyper-expression of therapeutic proteins (10,000 copies of transgene per cell), efficient oral delivery and transgene containment via maternal inheritance. To date, 23 vaccine antigens against 16 different bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens have been expressed in chloroplasts. Mice subcutaneously immunized with the chloroplast derived anthrax protective antigen conferred 100% protection against lethal doses of the anthrax toxin. Oral immunization (ORV) of F1-V antigens without adjuvant conferred greater protection (88%) against 50-fold lethal dose of aerosolized plague (Yersinia pestis) than subcutaneous (SQV) immunization (33%). Oral immunization of malarial vaccine antigens fused to the cholera antigen (CTB-AMA1/CTB-Msp1) conferred prolonged immunity (50% life span), 100% protection against cholera toxin challenge and inhibited proliferation of the malarial parasite. Protection was correlated with antigen-specific titers of intestinal, serum IgA & IgG1 in ORV and only IgG1 in SQV mice, but no other immunoglobulin. High level expression in edible plant chloroplasts ideal for oral delivery and long-term immunity observed should facilitate development of low cost human vaccines for large populations, at times of outbreak. © 2009 Landes Bioscience.

Publication Date

1-1-2009

Publication Title

Human Vaccines

Volume

5

Issue

7

Number of Pages

488-493

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.8247

Socpus ID

70349538837 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/70349538837

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS