Title
Synthesis Of New Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene Derivatives Via Cu-Mediated Ullmann Condensations
Abstract
The Ullmann amination reaction was utilized to provide access to a number of fluorene analogues from common intermediates, via facile functionalization at positions 2, 7, and 9 of the fluorene ring. Through variation of amine or iodofluorene derivative, analogues bearing substitutents with varying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ability, e.g., diphenylamino, bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, nitro, and benzothiazole, were synthesized in good yield. The novel fluorene derivatives were fully characterized, including absorption and emission spectra. Didecylation at the 9-position afforded remarkably soluble derivatives. Target compounds 4, 5, and 9 are potentially useful as fluorophores in two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Their UV-vis spectra display desirable absorption in the range of interest suitable for two-photon excitation by near-IR femtosecond lasers. Preliminary measurements of two-photon absorption indicate the derivatives exhibit high two-photon absorptivity, affirming their potential as two-photon fluorophores. For example, using a 1210 nm femtosecond pump beam, diphenylaminobenzothiazolylfluorene 4 exhibited nondegenerate two-photon absorption, with two-photon absorptivity (δ) of ca. 820 x 10-50 cm4 s photon-1 molecule-1 at the femtosecond white light continuum probe wavelength of 615 nm.
Publication Date
7-28-2000
Publication Title
Journal of Organic Chemistry
Volume
65
Issue
15
Number of Pages
4475-4481
Document Type
Article
Personal Identifier
scopus
DOI Link
https://doi.org/10.1021/jo991950+
Copyright Status
Unknown
Socpus ID
0034725730 (Scopus)
Source API URL
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/0034725730
STARS Citation
Belfield, Kevin D.; Schafer, Katherine J.; and Mourad, Wael, "Synthesis Of New Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene Derivatives Via Cu-Mediated Ullmann Condensations" (2000). Scopus Export 2000s. 818.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2000/818