Title

Time-To-Collision Judgments Under Realistic Driving Conditions

Abstract

Objective: This study examined perceived time to collision (TTC) with automobile drivers under realistic approach, rear-end crash scenario conditions. Background: TTC refers to the time before impact if prevailing conditions continue. Method: In this test track study involving 51 drivers ranging from 20 to 70 years old, the driver's vision was occluded at either 3.6 or 5.6 s TTC during an in-lane approach to a lead vehicle. Drivers provided TTC estimates by pressing a button the instant they felt that they would have collided with the vehicle ahead. Results: Results indicated that TTC was consistently underestimated. The TTC ratio (perceived TTC/actual TTC) increased as driver speed decreased and as relative speed increased. These ratios were largely unaffected by age, gender, actual TTC, viewing time (1 s vs. continuous), and the presence of an eyes-forward, mental addition distraction task. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that under these low TTC conditions drivers estimate TTC in a relatively uniform fashion and that they are capable of providing this estimate based on a brief glimpse to the vehicle ahead. Application: These results are being used to develop an alert timing approach for a forward collision warning system intended to assist drivers in avoiding rear-end crashes with the vehicle ahead. Copyright © 2006, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Publication Date

6-1-2006

Publication Title

Human Factors

Volume

48

Issue

2

Number of Pages

334-345

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1518/001872006777724499

Socpus ID

33745967423 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/33745967423

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