Title

Nonparaxial Scalar Treatment Of Sinusoidal Phase Gratings

Abstract

Scalar diffraction theory is frequently considered inadequate for predicting diffraction efficiencies for grating applications where λ/ d>0.1. It has also been stated that scalar theory imposes energy upon the evanescent diffracted orders. These notions, as well as several other common misconceptions, are driven more by an unnecessary paraxial approximation in the traditional Fourier treatment of scalar diffraction theory than by the scalar limitation. By scaling the spatial variables by the wavelength, we have previously shown that diffracted radiance is shift invariant in direction cosine space. Thus simple Fourier techniques can now be used to predict a variety of wide-angle (nonparaxial) diffraction grating effects. These include (1) the redistribution of energy from the evanescent orders to the propagating ones, (2) the angular broadening (and apparent shifting) of wide-angle diffracted orders, and (3) nonparaxial diffraction efficiencies predicted with an accuracy usually thought to require rigorous electromagnetic theory. © 2006 Optical Society of America.

Publication Date

1-1-2006

Publication Title

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volume

23

Issue

4

Number of Pages

858-865

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.23.000858

Socpus ID

33744828952 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/33744828952

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