Title

Porous Scaffolds Using Nanocrystalline Titania For Bone Graft Applications

Abstract

The need for a better scaffold to treat large bone-defects resulting from skeletal conditions still prevails, and it has been a challenge to meet all the biomedical requirements. It is established that an ideal bone scaffold should: (a) be osteogenic and resorbable, (b) have porous structure with interConnectivity, (c) possess suitable surface chemistry for cell attachment, differentiation and proliferation, and (d) match with the mechanical properties of the tissue being replaced. It is hypothesized that these requirements could be fulfilled by creating scaffolds using nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) via proper manufacturing technique/s. Nano-TiO2 has shown improved mechanical strength and osteoblast functions, and proved to be a promising orthopedic biomaterial. Formerly, we developed a simple sol-gel technique to synthesize 5-12 nm anatase powder. In this work, we used the same technique to produce TiO2 nanopowder and fabricated porous scaffolds, using Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the pore-forming agent. The calcined nanopowder was homogenously mixed with 5, 10 and 15 wt. % of PEG and then cold-die compacted in a steel mold at 19.4 MPa. Controlled porosity scaffolds were fabricated through the indirect Fused Deposition Modeling process. The green samples/ molds were sintered in air, at 1500°C to obtain the porous scaffolds with interConnectivity. The porous scaffolds were characterized for microstructure, phase purity, porosity, surface pore size, compression and biaxial flexural strength. XRD technique was used to analyze the phase/s. SEM was used to study the microstructure. Porosity was measured using immersion technique. Bulk density decreased with the increase in porosity of the structures. Density decreased from 3.79 g/cc to 3.03 g/cc as porosity increased from 9% to 22%. Biaxial flexural strength test was performed as per ASTM F-394. Flexural strength of 128(±7) MPa and 85(±6) MPa were achieved in structures with 9% and 18% porosity, respectively.

Publication Date

5-13-2010

Publication Title

Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings

Volume

30

Issue

6

Number of Pages

191-201

Document Type

Article; Proceedings Paper

Personal Identifier

scopus

Socpus ID

77952007495 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/77952007495

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