Title

Impact Of Nitric Oxide On Metabolism In Health And Age-Related Disease

Keywords

Mitochondrial biogenesis; Mitochondrial fission and fusion; Nitric oxide; PGC1-α; Sirtuins

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a messenger molecule in a variety of physiological systems and also converts into toxic radical species that can damage cells through a process known as nitrosative stress. While the physiological roles of NO in blood vessel dilation, the nervous system and the immune system are well established, recent studies have begun to investigate the role of NO in metabolism and energy expenditure through modulation of mitochondria. NO appears to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in certain situations through activation of proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR. γ) co-activator 1. α (PGC1-. α). Because of this link between NO and mitochondrial biogenesis, the role of NO in certain aspects of metabolism, including exercise response, obesity, fat cell differentiation and caloric restriction, are the subject of increasing investigation. In addition to its role in mitochondrial biogenesis, NO also stimulates mitochondrial fragmentation, which can be caused by too much mitochondrial fission or inhibition of mitochondrial fusion and can result in bioenergetic failure. While the contribution of NO-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation to neurodegenerative diseases seems clear, the mechanisms by which NO causes fragmentation are uncertain and controversial. In this review, we discuss the role of NO in manipulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and how these events contribute to human health- and age-related disease. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Publication Date

1-1-2010

Publication Title

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

Volume

12

Issue

SUPPL. 2

Number of Pages

126-133

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01267.x

Socpus ID

77957320216 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/77957320216

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