Title

Searching For Outcomes Of Leadership: A 25-Year Review

Keywords

criterion issues; leader-member exchange; leadership; LMX; outcomes; review; transformational; upper echelons

Abstract

A significant question in management research is, "What criteria should be used to evaluate the effects of leadership?" In this review, the authors systematically summarize various ways the field of leadership has (and has not) sought to answer questions about whether, when, and how leadership affects outcomes. A total of 1,161 empirical studies over 25 years, spanning micro- and macro-oriented perspectives, were content coded to answer six basic questions that set the scope of leadership science. The authors first descriptively summarize these criterion issues in the empirical literature and draw comparisons across areas (e.g., To what extent have leader-member exchange, transformational, and strategic leadership research differentially examined various outcomes?). Second, the authors explore the implications of criterion selection issues for the further advancement of leadership theory and offer concrete recommendations for future leadership research. © The Author(s) 2011.

Publication Date

7-1-2011

Publication Title

Journal of Management

Volume

37

Issue

4

Number of Pages

1137-1177

Document Type

Review

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310393520

Socpus ID

79958141102 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/79958141102

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