Title

High Heat Flux Spray Cooling With Ammonia: Investigation Of Enhanced Surfaces For Chf

Keywords

Coarsening; Diffusion-coalescence; Nanoparticle; Ostwald ripening; Platinum; Sintering simulation; STM; TiO (110) 2

Abstract

One of the technologically most important requirements for the application of oxide-supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the fields of molecular electronics, plasmonics, and catalysis is the achievement of thermally stable systems. For this purpose, a thorough understanding of the different pathways underlying thermally-driven coarsening phenomena, and the effect of the nanoparticle synthesis method, support morphology, and degree of support reduction on NP sintering is needed. In this study, the sintering of supported metal NPs has been monitored via scanning tunneling microscopy combined with simulations following the Ostwald ripening and diffusion-coalescence models. Modifications were introduced to the diffusion-coalescence model to incorporate the correct temperature dependence and energetics. Such methods were applied to describe coarsening phenomena of physical-vapor deposited (PVD) and micellar Pt NPs supported on TiO 2(110). The TiO 2(110) substrates were exposed to different pre-treatments, leading to reduced, oxidized and polymer-modified TiO 2 surfaces. Such pre-treatments were found to affect the coarsening behavior of the NPs. No coarsening was observed for the micellar Pt NPs, maintaining their as-prepared size of ~ 3 nm after annealing in UHV at 1060 °C. Regardless of the initial substrate pre-treatment, the average size of the PVD-grown NPs was found to increase after identical thermal cycles, namely, from 0.5 ± 0.2 nm to 1.0 ± 0.3 nm for pristine TiO 2, and from 0.8 ± 0.3 nm to 1.3 ± 0.6 nm for polymer-coated TiO 2 after identical thermal treatments. Although no direct real-time in situ microscopic evidence is available to determine the dominant coarsening mechanism of the PVD NPs unequivocally, our simulations following the diffusion-coalescence coarsening route were in significantly better agreement with the experimental data as compared to those based on the Ostwald-ripening model. The enhanced thermal stability of the micellar NPs as compared to the PVD clusters might be related to their initial larger NP size, narrower size distribution, and larger interparticle distances. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Publication Date

6-1-2012

Publication Title

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Volume

55

Issue

11-12

Number of Pages

3849-3856

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.03.040

Socpus ID

84859800023 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84859800023

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