Title

Task Partitioning Effects In Semi-Automated Human-Machine System Performance

Keywords

degree of automation; pilot control; task partitioning

Abstract

Twelve professional pilots performed a flight simulation consisting of three component sub-tasks: (i) tracking, (ii) monitoring and (iii) targeting, respectively. The targeting sub-task required (i) target identification, (ii) weapon selection and then (iii) weapon release. Pilots performed in a fully manual condition, a partial automation condition or a fully automated condition. Automated assistance was provided for the targeting sub-task only, while tracking and monitoring sub-tasks were always performed manually. During full automation, the computer located the target, identified it and released the appropriate weapon without any pilot input. During partial automation, the computer located and identified the target while the pilot retained final control over weapon release. Significantly higher levels of tracking error distinguished manual from both automated conditions and also between the two levels of automation. Monitoring response times were also sensitive to the degree of automation engaged, with the partial-automation condition exhibiting faster responses than full automation. Findings support a design principle in which pilots retain control over final weapons release directly on the basis of objective performance outcome. These collective results support the contention that effective and principled task-partitioning should represent a central strategy for the evolution of complex human-machine systems. Practitioner Summary: Advantages of partitioning tasks between human and automated control are contingent upon the overall context of performance and the actual way the partitioning is accomplished. Simple algorithms, for example, automate on every feasible occasion, are poor design heuristics and may even prove actively harmful to overall response capacity. Transitioning humans from active controllers to passive monitors can be a problematic design choice, especially when that individual is socially deemed to retain overall responsibility for ultimate system effects in the real world. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Publication Date

9-1-2013

Publication Title

Ergonomics

Volume

56

Issue

9

Number of Pages

1387-1399

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2013.816374

Socpus ID

84885077022 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84885077022

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS