Title

Oxygenated Functional Group Density On Graphene Oxide: Its Effect On Cell Toxicity

Keywords

graphene oxide; oxygenated functional group density; reduced graphene oxide; toxicity

Abstract

The association of cellular toxicity with the physiochemical properties of graphene-based materials is largely unexplored. A fundamental understanding of this relationship is essential to engineer graphene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Here, an in vitro toxicological assessment of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and in correlation with their physiochemical properties is reported. GO is found to be more toxic than RGO of same size. GO and RGO induce significant increases in both intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Moreover, a significant amount of DNA damage is observed in GO treated cells, but not in RGO treated cells. Such observations support the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates the cellular toxicity of GO. Interestingly, oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity reduces with a decreasing extent of oxygen functional group density on the RGO surface. It is concluded that although size of the GO sheet plays a role, the functional group density on the GO sheet is one of the key components in mediating cellular cytotoxicity. By controlling the GO reduction and maintaining the solubility, it is possible to minimize the toxicity of GO and unravel its wide range of biomedical applications. Functional group density on the surface of the GO/RGO sheets plays a key role in cell toxicity. It may be possible to reduce the toxicity of GO and RGO and allow their wide range potential in biomedical-applications by masking the oxygenated functional groups using a biocompatible polymer or manipulating the surface functional groups. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Publication Date

2-1-2013

Publication Title

Particle and Particle Systems Characterization

Volume

30

Issue

2

Number of Pages

148-157

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201200066

Socpus ID

84874456006 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84874456006

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS