Title

Toxicological Effects Of The Sunscreen Uv Filter, Benzophenone-2, On Planulae And In Vitro Cells Of The Coral, Stylophora Pistillata

Keywords

Benzophenone-2; Cell toxicity; Coral; Coral planula; Sunscreen UV filters

Abstract

Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) is an additive to personal-care products and commercial solutions that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. BP-2 is an "emerging contaminant of concern" that is often released as a pollutant through municipal and boat/ship wastewater discharges and landfill leachates, as well as through residential septic fields and unmanaged cesspits. Although BP-2 may be a contaminant on coral reefs, its environmental toxicity to reefs is unknown. This poses a potential management issue, since BP-2 is a known endocrine disruptor as well as a weak genotoxicant. We examined the effects of BP-2 on the larval form (planula) of the coral, Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity to in vitro coral cells. BP-2 is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light versus in darkness. Whether in darkness or light, BP-2 induced coral planulae to transform from a motile planktonic state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of BP-2. BP-2 is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a strong positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing BP-2 concentrations. BP-2 exposure in the light induced extensive necrosis in both the epidermis and gastrodermis. In contrast, BP-2 exposure in darkness induced autophagy and autophagic cell death. The LC50 of BP-2 in the light for an 8 and 24 h exposure was 120 and 165 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The LC 50s for BP-2 in darkness for the same time points were 144 and 548 ppb. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) were 246 parts per trillion in the light and 9.6 ppb in darkness. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Publication Date

1-1-2014

Publication Title

Ecotoxicology

Volume

23

Issue

2

Number of Pages

175-191

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y

Socpus ID

84896712306 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84896712306

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