Nanostructured Tungsten Through Cryogenic Attrition
Keywords
Cryomilling; Grain size; Microstructure; Nanocrystalline; Tungsten
Abstract
Nanostructured pure tungsten (W) powders have been fabricated through cryogenic attrition (i.e., cryomilling) in a liquid nitrogen medium for the first time. The microstructure and chemistry of W powders before and after 4 and 12 h of cryomilling were thoroughly examined by gas fusion chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cryomilling in liquid nitrogen protected the tungsten from oxygen and hydrogen contamination while introducing nitrogen. Results showed that the W grain size decreased with cryomilling time, and reached approximately 5 nm after 12 h of cryomilling. High resolution TEM suggested that nitrogen reacted with W to form tungsten nitride (WN). Additionally, amorphous W was identified in the 12 h cryomilled W powder. Tungsten carbide (WC) contamination from the milling media and minor Fe-Cr-Ni-containing impurities from the stainless steel vessel were also documented. The WC had grain size ranging from 20 nm to 150 nm, and was homogeneously dispersed in W matrix.
Publication Date
5-30-2015
Publication Title
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials
Volume
52
Number of Pages
70-77
Document Type
Article
Personal Identifier
scopus
DOI Link
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.05.016
Copyright Status
Unknown
Socpus ID
84930638786 (Scopus)
Source API URL
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84930638786
STARS Citation
Zhou, Le; Kellogg, Frank; Hofmeister, Clara; Giri, Anit; and Cho, Kyu, "Nanostructured Tungsten Through Cryogenic Attrition" (2015). Scopus Export 2015-2019. 1117.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/1117