Adjuvants In Micro- To Nanoscale: Current State And Future Direction

Abstract

Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for over 70years to promote long-lived and sterilizing immunity. Since then, various adjuvant systems were developed by combining nanotechnology with natural and/or synthetic immunomodulatory molecules. These systems are biocompatible, immunogenic, and possess higher antigen carrying capacity. This article showcases advancements made in the adjuvant systems formulations, their synthesis routes, and the improvement of these adjuvants have brought in response to combat against ongoing global health threats such as malaria, hepatitis C, universal influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus. This review also highlights the interaction of adjuvants with the delivery of antigens to cells and unfolds mechanism of actions. In addition, this review discusses the physicochemical factors responsible for the efficient interaction of nanoadjuvants with antigen receptors to develop more effective, less reactogenic, and multifunctional systems for the next generation vaccines.

Publication Date

1-1-2016

Publication Title

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology

Volume

8

Issue

1

Number of Pages

61-84

Document Type

Editorial Material

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1354

Socpus ID

84952876374 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84952876374

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