Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on expression of CR3 and MIP-1 beta following resistance exercise

    Authors

    A. M. Gonzalez; M. S. Fragala; A. R. Jajtner; J. R. Townsend; A. J. Wells; K. S. Beyer; C. H. Boone; G. J. Pruna; G. T. Mangine; J. D. Bohner; D. H. Fukuda; J. R. Stout;J. R. Hoffman

    Comments

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    Abbreviated Journal Title

    Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.

    Keywords

    muscle damage; recovery; CD11b; macrophage-1 antigen; supplement; INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; CIRCULATING GRANULOCYTES; CD11B/CD18 EXPRESSION; ADHESION MOLECULES; STRENUOUS EXERCISE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; HUMANS; PLASMA; Physiology

    Abstract

    Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on expression of CR3 and MIP-1 beta following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 306: R483-R489, 2014. First published February 5, 2014; doi: 10.1152/ajpregu. 00542.2013.-The inflammatory response to muscle-damaging exercise requires monocyte mobilization and adhesion. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta enables monocyte recruitment, adhesion, and subsequent infiltration into damaged muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) on CR3 expression and MIP-1 beta concentration after four sets of up to 10 repetitions of squat, dead lift, and split squat exercises at 70-80% 1-repetition maximum. Thirty-nine resistance-trained men (22.2 +/- 2.5 yr) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) placebo (PL), 2) HMB-FA, 3) HMB-FA-CWI, and 4) PL-CWI. The HMB-FA groups ingested 3 g/day, and CWI groups were submersed into 10-12 degrees C water for 10 min after exercise. Blood was sampled at baseline (PRE), immediately post-(IP), 30 min post-(30P), 24 h post-(24P), and 48 h post (48P)-exercise. Circulating MIP-1 beta was assayed and CR3 expression on CD14+ monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Without treatment, CR3 expression significantly elevated at 30P compared with other time points (P = 0.030-0.047). HMB-FA significantly elevated the percentage of monocytes expressing CR3 between IP and 24P (P = 0.046) and between IP and 48P (P = 0.046). No time effect was observed for MIP-1 beta concentration. The recovery modalities showed to attenuate the rise in CR3 following exercise. Additionally, supplementation with HMB-FA significantly elevated the percentage of monocytes expressing CR3 during recovery. Although the time course that inflammatory responses are most beneficial remains to be determined, recovery modalities may alter immune cell mobilization and adhesion mechanisms during tissue recovery.

    Journal Title

    American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology

    Volume

    306

    Issue/Number

    7

    Publication Date

    1-1-2014

    Document Type

    Article

    Language

    English

    First Page

    R483

    Last Page

    R489

    WOS Identifier

    WOS:000334676600006

    ISSN

    0363-6119

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