Keywords

Binaural beats, verbal-spatial working memory, working memory, ADHD traits, cognitive enhancement, cognitive load, beta frequency, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Binaural beats (BB) have been increasingly explored as a non-invasive cognitive enhancement tool, particularly in populations with neurodevelopmental conditions such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study investigates the effects of beta-frequency binaural beats on encoding efficiency and working memory performance, specifically verbal-spatial working memory, in college students with ADHD traits. Using a 2 (ADHD/Neurotypical) × 2 (Low/High Cognitive Load) mixed ANOVA design, participants will complete an N-back working memory task under baseline, binaural beats, and control (white noise) conditions. Key research questions examine whether binaural beats improve working memory accuracy and reaction time, whether their effects vary across cognitive load conditions, and whether individuals with ADHD respond differently than neurotypical participants. Previous research suggests binaural beats may modulate brainwave activity associated with working memory and attention; however, findings remain inconsistent. Results revealed no significant main or interaction effects for binaural beats on working memory accuracy or reaction time, regardless of cognitive load or ADHD traits. Although descriptive trends indicated slightly improved performance in participants with low ADHD traits under binaural beat conditions, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Thesis Completion Year

2025

Thesis Completion Semester

Spring

Thesis Chair

Matthew Chin

College

College of Sciences

Department

Psychology

Thesis Discipline

Psychology

Language

English

Access Status

Open Access

Length of Campus Access

None

Campus Location

Orlando (Main) Campus

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Rights Statement

In Copyright