Title

Surface Tension Of Evaporating Nanofluid Droplets

Keywords

Evaporating droplet; Nanofluids; Stefan's formula; Surface tension

Abstract

Measurements of nanofluid surface tension were made using the pendant droplet method. Three different types of nanoparticles were used - laponite, silver and Fe2O3 - with de-ionized water (DW) as the base fluid. The reported results focus on the following categories: (1) because some nanoparticles require surfactants to form stable colloids, the individual effects of the surfactant and the particles were investigated; (2) due to evaporation of the pendant droplet, the particle concentration increases, affecting the apparent surface tension; (3) because of the evaporation process, a hysteresis was found where the evaporating droplet can only achieve lower values of surface tension than that of nanofluids at the same prepared concentrations; and (4) the Stefan equation relating the apparent surface tension and heat of evaporation was found to be inapplicable for nanofluids investigated. Comparisons with findings for sessile droplets are also discussed, pointing to additional effects of nanoparticles other than the non-equilibrium evaporation process. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Publication Date

5-1-2011

Publication Title

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Volume

54

Issue

11-12

Number of Pages

2459-2466

Document Type

Article

Personal Identifier

scopus

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.02.016

Socpus ID

79953046688 (Scopus)

Source API URL

https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/79953046688

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