ORCID

0000-0002-0710-2056

Keywords

health emergency, just-in-time training, learning dissemination, systematic review, COVID-19

Abstract

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergency Programme funded three rapid systematic reviews to inform development of guidance for emergency preparedness in health emergencies. The current review investigated the type of learning interventions that have been developed and used during health emergencies, and how they were designed and implemented.

Methods

Studies were included if they described just-in-time training to bridge a specific gap in knowledge or skills in a health emergency. Degree-building, institutional capacity-building, health workforce training, and general crisis preparedness were excluded. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Communication and Mass Media Complete (EBSCO) (June 2023), and Web of Science (September 2023). Study quality was appraised by WHO-recommended method-specific checklists. Findings were extracted using a narrative summary approach. Due to WHO time constraints, findings were synthesized with a combination deductive-inductive approach in a single analysis.

Results

187 studies were included, with most taking place during COVID-19. Studies were split between online, in-person, and hybrid modalities, conducted mostly by hospitals and universities, and most frequently training nurses and doctors. Principles of training extracted from studies emphasized experiential learning to develop and reinforce skills (82 studies); online learning for knowledge dissemination (84 studies); multi-sectoral partnerships (23 studies), institutional support and carefully constructed planning task forces (15 studies), rapid training development and dissemination (8 studies), and use of training models (7 studies).

Discussion

Most studies evaluated only knowledge or self-confidence of trainees. Relatively few assessed skills; evaluations of long-term outcomes were rare. Little evidence is available about comparative effectiveness of different approaches, or optimum frequency and length of training programming. Evidence was limited geographically, with a disproportionately high number of studies situated in North America.

Based on principles induced, six recommendations for future JIT training are presented.

Publication Date

2024

Original Citation

Miller, A.N., Todd, A., Duvuuri, V.N.S., Soltani, K., Freihaut, R., Boutemen, L., Sellnow, D., Vichanagra, K., Hoffman, J., Sellnow, T., Patel, O., Sheng, X., Babatayo, S., Willare, O., Utunen, H., Noyes, J., & Balaciago, G. (Under review). A rapid systematic review of just-in-time training interventions during health emergencies: Types of interventions and development process. Manuscript submitted to Perspectives in Public Health.

Document Type

Paper

College

College of Sciences

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