ORCID

0009-0002-2774-3798

Keywords

Sandtray, Supervision, SCRD, Single-Case Research Design, Counselors-In-Training

Abstract

This study is a two-part manuscript dissertation that investigates how integrative sandtray supervision may be beneficial for assisting counselors-in-training (CITs) to process and mitigate the negative impacts of counseling trauma survivors (i.e., burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress). The history and procedures of sandtray therapy are described to facilitate the understanding of how sandtray is also utilized in supervision. Data analysis for six individual participants and a collective group analysis was completed using visual analysis from single-case research A-B-A design to answer two primary research questions: (1) To what extent, does integrative sandtray supervision reduce secondary traumatic stress, (STS) compassion fatigue, and burnout in CITs and (2) Is integrative sandtray supervision effective at increasing self-efficacy in CITs? The results revealed that integrative sandtray was effective at reducing overall STS for the majority of participants. Even in cases where overall STS did not decrease, reductions in intrusion, avoidance, and arousal subscales were demonstrated. In addition to reduction in STS, an increase in counselor self-efficacy was shown. Implications for supervisors and counselor educators are discussed to support CITs in their development and supervision.

Completion Date

2026

Semester

Spring

Committee Chair

Melissa Zeligman

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

College

College of Community Innovation and Education

Format

PDF

Document Type

Dissertation

Identifier

DP0053127

Release Date

5-15-2028

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Available for download on Monday, May 15, 2028

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