Keywords

Empathy; Heteronormativity; Shame-Proneness; Shame-Withdrawal; Males; Self-Disclosure

Abstract

Due to rising social discourse regarding “the male loneliness epidemic,” this study aims to examine possible predictors of empathy in cisgender, heterosexual, college-aged males. Empathy promotes prosocial behavior and is necessary for healthy interpersonal interactions, which may be limited in male experiences due to adherence to heteronormative values and lower levels of self-disclosure in men. Shame is more likely to occur when men stray from traditional gender roles, and people are more likely to engage in social withdrawal behaviors when experiencing shame. Shame-proneness has also been shown to inhibit empathetic behavior. This study explores two hypotheses, the first of which is that higher levels of shame-proneness and shame- withdrawal will predict greater adherence to heteronormativity. The second hypothesis is that higher levels of shame-proneness, shame-withdrawal, and heteronormativity will predict lower levels of empathy. The sample consisted of cisgender, heterosexual, college-aged men, as this population is likely to be more affected by the traditional gender norms of heteronormativity. Data was collected online through Sona, and both hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analyses. Due to time restrictions, an insufficient number of participants’ data were collected, and no statistically significant results were found during analyses. However, examining these variables further may provide useful insights into what factors inhibit empathy, which is crucial for positive social interactions and community.

Thesis Completion Year

2026

Thesis Completion Semester

Spring

Thesis Chair

Chesnut, Jason

College

College of Sciences

Department

Psychology

Thesis Discipline

Psychology

Language

English

Access Status

Open Access

Length of Campus Access

None

Campus Location

Orlando (Main) Campus

Download

Supplemental Files

Share

COinS
 

Accessibility Statement

This item was created or digitized prior to April 24, 2027, or is a reproduction of legacy media created before that date. It is preserved in its original, unmodified state specifically for research, reference, or historical recordkeeping. In accordance with the ADA Title II Final Rule, the University Libraries provides accessible versions of archival materials upon request. To request an accommodation for this item, please submit an accessibility request form.