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Citations from 2009

Cooper, Harris, and Larry V. Hedges,"Research Synthesis as a Scientific Process," pp. 3-16 in Harris Cooper, Larry V. Hedges, and Jeffrey C. Valentine, eds., The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, 2nd ed. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2009., Harris Cooper and Larry V. Hedges

Annotation: Presents an overview of a form of research known as research synthesis, outlines six stages of doing this kind of research, and introduces the chapters of the Handbook that follow.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Madaus, George, Michael Russell, and Jennifer Higgins, "Why and How Should High-Stakes Testing be Monitored?" pp. 197-221 in their The Paradoxes of High-Stakes Testing. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2009., George Madaus, Michael Russell, and Jennifer Higgins

Annotation: Traces efforts made to monitor the technical aspects of tests for users and policymakers; proposes an independent body to perform this oversight function and suggests eight principles to follow in creating such an ongoing institution.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Student Assessment, Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum and Politics

Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka, Diane Yendol-Hoppey, Jason Jude Smith, and Sharon B. Hayes, "(E)pistemological Awareness, Instantiation of Methods, and Uninformed Methodological Ambiguity in Qualitative Research Projects," Educational Researcher, 38(December, 2009), 687-699., Mirka Koro-Ljungberg, Diane Yendol-Hoppey, Jason Jude Smith, and Sharon B. Hayes

Annotation: Argues for making the research process, epistemologies, values, methodological decision points, and argumentative logic, open, accessible, and visible in qualitative research reports; analyzes a series of reports for how well they do this; contains a chart specifying for ten theoretical perspectives that have been used in qualitative research studies ten decision junctures reflecting these epistemological and methodological aspects.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research

Wang, Jessica Ching-Sze, "Reconstructing Dewey on Democratic Education for a Globalized World," Educational Theory, 59(No. 4, 2009), 409-425., Jessica Ching-Sze Wang

Annotation: Elucidates Dewey's ideas on the nature of democracy and gives implications for education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Democratic Education

Morris,Marla, "Dare Curriculum Scholars Cultivate Historical Memory," Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 6(Summer, 2009), 67-74., Marla Morris

Annotation: Traces the splits that exist among curriculum scholars, their conferences, and their journals; asserts that all should embrace the widest range of the historical memory of the field and continue to interact across the existing splits.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum History, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Baldacchino, John. Education Beyond Education: Self and the Imaginary in Maxine Greene's Philosophy. New York: Peter Lang, 2009., John. Baldacchino

Annotation: Gives an analysis and elucidation of Greene's writings organized around broad themes in her work; demonstrates the coherence of her philosophy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum as Experience, Aesthetics Education, Philosophical Schools

Stanley, William B., "Curriculum Theory and Education for Democracy," Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 6(Summer, 2009), 44-56., William B. Stanley

Annotation: Analyzes the assumptions underlying the counter-socialization approach to education for democracy, critiques the position of the curriculum reconceptualists on this issue, and offers recommendations on the direction curriculum theory should take.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum Aims and Objectives

Zhao, Yong, Catching Up or Leading the Way. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2009., Yong Zhao

Annotation: Contrasts the current approaches to educational policy in China and the U.S.; notes that U. S. is trying to implement what China is trying to get rid of (rigid curriculum mandates, test-based accountability measures, and centralized and standardized control); recommends expansive definition of success along with personalized approaches and preparation for good citizenship; lays out extensive research results upon which critiques and recommendations are based.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Comparative Curriculum

Rizvi, Fazal, "Global Mobility and the Challenges of Educational Research and Policy," pp. 268-289 in Thomas S. Popkewitz and Fazal Rizvi, eds., Globalization and the Study of Education. 108th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Volume II. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009., Fazal Rizvi

Annotation: Discusses the mobility of people, technology, and business across the globe and the implications of this mobility for educational research and policy; centered around the concept of transnationalization of people.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Lundgren, Ulf P., "Political Governing and Curriculum Change--From Active to Reactive Curriculum Reforms," pp. 109-122 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Ulf P. Lundgren

Annotation: Recaps the history of theories governing curriculum change in Europe and the United States; contrasts decentralization and privatization of curriculum decision-making, as well as governing by goals or outcomes, in relation to the changing culture of globalization; draws implications for practice and research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Local Control of Schooling, Organization Theory, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Comparative Curriculum

Whitson, James Anthony, "Is There No Outside of Curriculum-as-Text?" pp. 339-354 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., James Anthony Whitson

Annotation: Discusses the differences between scholarly and popular conceptions of curriculum; examines the differences between curriculum-as-text and curriculum-as-life or -being; suggests implications for research and for practice.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum as Experience

Mintrop, Heinwich, and Gail L. Sunderman, "Predictable Failure of Federal Sanctions-Driven Accountability for School Improvement -- And Why We May Retain It Anyway," Educational Researcher, 38(june/July,2009), 353-364., Heinwich Mintrop and Gail L. Sunderman

Annotation: Summarizes results of studies on three questions: 1) Do sanctions-driven accountability systems produce the intended results in NCLB and other attempts? 2) Is it practical and can it be implemented? 3) Is it valued and legitimate?

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Evaluation of Instruction, Program Audit/Evaluation, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum, Ethical Issues in Curriculum, Student Assessment, Social Efficiency/Control, Local Control of Schooling, Curriculum Implementation

Gandin, Luis Armando, "The Citizen School Project: Implementing and Recreating Critical Education in Porto Alegre, Brazil," pp. 341-353 in Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando Gandin, eds., The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Education. New York: Routledge, 2009., Luis Armando Gandin

Annotation: Describes this project and its new features (access to schools, governance, and knowledge); connects school knowledge with the knowledge students need to develop within their situation; knowledge is organized around themes in an innovative new form of curriculum design.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry, Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Integration, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Citizenship Education, Democratic Education, Social Studies

Coulter, Cathy A., and Mary Lee Smith, "The Construction Zone: Literary Elements in Narrative Research," Educational Researcher, 38(November, 2009), 577-590., Cathy A. Coulter and Mary Lee Smith

Annotation: Describes and illustrates ten literary elements used in constructing stories in narrative research; three articles providing comments and criticism of his article immediately follow as well as a response to these articles by the original authors.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Ben-Peretz, Miriam, Policy-Making in Education: A Holistic Approach in Response to Global Changes. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009., Miriam Ben-Peretz

Annotation: Gives background of current global changes in demographics, economics, information transfer, and the environment that educational policy-makers must take into account; relates three domains (curriculum, teaching, teacher education) to policy-making in education; describes the author's experiences in education policy-making in Israel along with other examples; presents principles of policy-making in education and proposes a practical four-phase model of policy-making in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses

Bryk, Anthony S., "Support a Science of Performance Improvement," Phi Delta Kappan, 90(April, 2009), 597-600.*, Anthony S. Bryk

Annotation: Argues for a D-EE-D (Design-Educational Engineering-Development) infrastructure that will address core problems of educational practice, both to determine whether a program can work at scale and to discern how to make it work; discusses creating usable knowledge for professional development communities focusing on specific instructional systems.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Development as Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Teacher Knowledge, In-service Teacher Development

Moss, Pamela, D. C. Phillips, Frederick D. Erickson, Robert E. Floden, Patti Lather, and Barbara L. Schneider, "Learning from Our Differences: A Dialogue Across Perspectives on Quality in Education Research," Educational Researcher, 38 (October, 2009). 501-517., Pamela Moss, D. C. Phillips, Frederick D. Erickson, Robert E. Floden, Patti Lather, and Barbara L. Schneider

Annotation: Reports a panel discussion of ways to judge quality educational research across a variety of research approachers; related issues are discussed.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Parkinson, Paul, "Political Economy and the NCLB Regime: Accountability, Standards, and HIgh-Stakes Testing," The Educational Forum, 73(No. 1, 2009), 44-57., Paul Parkinson

Annotation: Analyzes the political economy of academic standards, standardized testing, test scores, and accountability within NCLB in terms of Baudrillard's concepts of functional logic of use value, logic of economic exchange, differential logic of sign value, and logic of symbolic exchange.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Student Assessment, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Jenkins, Sharon Billburg, "Measuring Teacher Beliefs about Curriculum Orientations Using the Modified-Curriculum Orientations Inventory," The Curriculum Journal, 20(June, 2009), 103-120., Sharon Billburg Jenkins

Annotation: Presents data on United States teachers using a modified questionnaire based on one used in a 2002 study of Hong Kong teachers; orientations derived from those in Eisner and Vallance, 1984.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Teacher Knowledge

Baez, Benjamin, and Deron Boyles, The Politics of Inquiry: Educational Research and the 'Culture of Science'. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2009., Benjamin Baez and Deron Boyles

Annotation: Analyzes and critiques several aspects of recent U. S. laws which favor certain definitions of scientific educational research; provides in-depth philosophical analysis and arguments on this and other topics such as Dewey's ideas on educational research, doctoral training in educational research, governing through science, and the grants culture in educational research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Comparisons Among Inquiry Modes, Knowledge Generation, Government Role in Educational Research & Development

Miller, Ron, "Education after the Empire," pp. 121-133 in H. Svi Shapiro, ed., Education and Hope in Troubled Times: Visions of Change for Our Children's World. New York: Routledge, 2009., Ron Miller

Annotation: Champions holistic education as an approach to counter the mechanistic and technocratic current system of education; specifies the differences between the two approaches; sets out five principles characterizing this alternative perspective.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Differentiation, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum Standards and Testing, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Au, Wayne, Unequal by Design: HIgh-Stakes Testing and the Standardization of Inequality. New York: Routledge, 2009., Wayne Au

Annotation: Demonstrates the ways high-stakes testing creates, by design, currricular inequality (through content, form, pedagogic, bureaucratic, and discursive control); discusses the NCLB policy on testing; draws on critical social theory and Bernstein for analytic tools.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing

Berliner, David C., "MCLB (Much Curriculum Left Behind): A U. S. Calamity in the Making," The Educational Forum, 73(No. 4, 2009), 284-296., David C. Berliner

Annotation: Brings together research that demonstrates the narrowing of the U. S. curriculum that follows from "teaching for the test' and from "excessive testing"; gives examples of alternative policies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing

Olson, Margaret R., and Cheryl J. Craig, " 'Small' Stories and Meganarratives: Accountability in Balance," Teachers College Record, 111(February, 2009),, 547-572., Margaret R. Olson and Cheryl J. Craig

Annotation: Reports a small study of two teachers' and their students' responses to accountability policies under which they taught and learned and the challenges they mounted to these policies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum and Politics, Student Assessment, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum

Schubert, William H., Love, Justice, and Education: John Dewey and the Utopians. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2009., William H. Schubert

Annotation: Takes a sentence-by-sentence book at Dewey's 1933 essay, "Dewey Outlines Utopian Schools"; in 30 chapters has 426 Utopians imaginatively ponder, discuss, and illuminate the meanings and implications of Dewey's thoughts in this essay 75 years after its appearance in the New York TImes; themes include love and justice in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Criticism of Schooling, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Classics of Curriculum Literature, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Suri, Harsh, and David Clarke, "Advancements in Research Synthesis Methods: From a Methodologically Inclusive Perspective," Review of Educational Research, 79(No. 1, 2009),395-430., Harsh Suri and David Clarke

Annotation: Highlights features of a methodologically inclusive research synthesis where connections can be made across interpretive, participatory, and critical lines.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Cormack, Phillip, and Bill GReen, "Re-reading the Historical Record: Curriculum History and the LInguistic Turn," pp. 223-236 in Bernadette Baker, ed., New Curriculum HIstory. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Phillip Cormack and Bill Green

Annotation: Reviews nature and place of linguistic (discourse) analysis in doing historical inquiry in curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Knowledge Generation

Marsh, Colin , and Catherine Harris-Hart, "Power, Knowledge, and Curriculum Change in Australia: A Critical Perspective," pp. 291-308 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Colin Marsh and Catherine Harris-Hart

Annotation: Summarizes the state of curriculum change models in both the literature and in Australian curriculum-change practices; employs the concepts of curriculum junctions and disjunctions in the analysis.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum Implementation, Organization Theory

Hamilton, David, "Class and Curriculum," pp.21-23 in Bernadette Baker, ed., New Curriculum History. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., David Hamilton

Annotation: Comments on and updates his 1989 chapter on this topic in his book, Towards a Theory of Schooling.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Definitions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History

Grollios, Georgios, Paulo Freire and the Curriculum. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2009., Georgios Grollios

Annotation: Gives a comprehensive analysis and elucidation of Freire's ideas on education and curriculum; examines the contexts in which his ideas were formulated and the settings in which he put them into practice; differentiates his perspective on curriculum planning from other historic and contemporary perspectives.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Teaching/Learning Process, Content Selection and Organization

Zeichner, Kenneth M., "Action Research: Personal Renewal and Social Reconstructionism," pp. 68-84 in his Teacher Education and the Struggle for Social Justice. New York: Routledge, 2009., Kenneth M. Zeichner

Annotation: Explains the nature of action research generally and highlights its use in teachers's professional development, school change, and knowledge generated by practitioners for teacher education; argues for its place in the struggle for social justice.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Practical Knowledge, Teacher Knowledge, Knowledge Generation, In-service Teacher Development

Lockwood, Alan L., The Case for Character Education: A Developmental Approach. New York: Teachers College Press, 2009., Alan L. Lockwood

Annotation: Critiques various forms of contemporary character education programs being used in schools and responds systematically to these criticisms; formulates a theory of developmental character education that overcomes these criticisms; gives practical examples of content and instructional practices for implementing this new theory.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Character Education, Values in the Classroom, Content Selection and Organization

Bohan, Chara Haeussler, "O. L. Davis, Jr.'s Impact on Curriculum Research in the 1990s," Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 11(Nos. 1 & 2, 2009), 43-51., Chara Haeussler Bohan

Annotation: Gives an overview of Davis's career and of his mentoring of graduate students; related articles appear before and after this article in a festschrift series honoring Davis.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Professors, Curriculum History

Applebaum, Barbara, "Is Teaching for Social Justice a Liberal Bias?" Teachers College Record, 111(February, 2009), 376-408., Barbara Applebaum

Annotation: Explores the meaning of "liberal bias" and of "ideology" in relation to the curriculum issue of their potential imposition on students through teaching for social justice.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Ideology and School Knowledge

Lamberg, Teruni D., and James A. Middleton, "Design Research Perspectives on Transitioning from Individual Microgenetic Interviews to a Whole-Class Teaching Experiment," Educational Researcher, 38(May, 2009), 233-245., Teruni D. Lamberg and James A. Middleton

Annotation: Provides a description of a compleat cycle of design research and illustrates its use in a study of ways students conceptualize their understanding of factions as quotients enroute to developing iterations of whole-class teaching procedures for this topic.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Development as Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Mathematics, Teaching/Learning Process

Lofaso, Anne Marie, "Curriculum Issues," pp. 61-80 in Anne Marie Lofaso, Religion in the Public Schools: A Road Map for Avoiding Lawsuits and Respecting Parents' Legal Rights. Washington, DC: Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 2009., Anne Marie Lofaso

Annotation: Sets forth guidelines based on decisions of the courts regarding constitutionality of curriculum related religious issues such as library books, opting out of content/materials, evolution, and intelligent design; other church/state/school issues are addressed in other sections of the book.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Deliberative Inquiry, Historical Inquiry, Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation, Curriculum History, Content Selection and Organization

Short, Edmund C., and Leonard J. Waks, eds., Leaders in Curriculum Studies: Intellectual Self-Portraits. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Edmund C. Short and Leonard J. Waks

Annotation: Contains 18 essays by late 20th century curriculum scholars describing their own paths into the field of Curriculum Studies, their major contributions to the field, and their assessments of the state of the field over the last several decades.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Professors

Darling-Hammond, Linda, and Nikole Richardson,"Teacher Learning: What Matters?" Educational Leadership, 66(February, 2009), 46-53., Linda Darling-Hammond and Nikole Richardson

Annotation: Summarizes current research on teacher professional development and professional learning communities.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Teacher Knowledge, In-service Teacher Development

Lopes, Alice Casimiro, and Elizabeth Macedo,, "An Analysis of Disciplinarity on the Organization of School Knowledge," pp. 169-185 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Alice Casimiro Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo

Annotation: Discusses the difference between the organization of curriculum into school subjects and by discipline; shows the difficulty of integrating disciplinary knowledge; illustrates these issues in science in Brazil.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: School Subjects, Curriculum Integration

Schubert, William H., "Currere and Disciplinarity in Curriculum Studies: Possibilities for Educational Research," Educational Researcher, 38(March, 2009), 136-140., William H. Schubert

Annotation: Reviews and comments on Pinar's 2007 book, Intellectual Advancement through Disciplinarity; gives his own views on the work of AAACS's Canon Project (which he chaired) in light of Pinar's essay and comments on other related topics; in an exchange with Henderson and Kesson (in articles that follow) he further comments on their ideas and on Pinar's.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Knowledge Generation

Dillon, J. T., "The Questions of Curriculum," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 41(June, 2009), 343-359., J. T. Dillon

Annotation: Stipulates a scheme of questions concerning the nature, elements, and practice of curriculum based on Schwab's conception of curriculum; elucidates this scheme of questions in relation to those generated by other curriculum theorists.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Definitions, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum Development Strategies, Curriculum Deliberation

Schubert, William H., "What Is Worthwhile: From Knowing and Needing to Being and Sharing," Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 6(Summer, 2009), 22-40., William H. Schubert

Annotation: Elucidates the author's view of curriculum's central question for both curriculum scholars and for educating children, youth, and adults.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Content Selection and Organization

Apple, Michael W., Wayne Au, and Luis Armando Gandin, "Mapping Critical Education" pp.3-19 in Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando Gandin, eds., The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Education. New York: Routledge, 2009., Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando Gandin

Annotation: Traces the purposes, history, and forms of critical education and pedagogy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum and Politics, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Social Studies

Henderson, James G., and Kathleen R. Kesson, "Curriculum Work at the Intersection of Pragmatic Inquiry, Deliberation, and Fidelity," Educational Researcher, 38(March, 2009), 132-136., James G. Henderson and Kathleen R. Kesson

Annotation: Reviews and critiques Pinar's 2007 book, Intellectual Advancement through Disciplinarity; compares Pinar's views with their own views on advancement of the field of curriculum studies in the context of a democratic society.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Knowledge Generation, Knowledge Utilization

Au, Wayne, "Fighting with the Text: Conceptualizing and Reconceptualizing Freire's Critical Pedagogy," pp. 221-231 in Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando Gandin, eds., The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Education. New York: Routledge, 2009., Wayne Au

Annotation: Provides a succinct but penetrating overview of Paulo Freire's ideas on critical pedagogy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Practical Knowledge, Teaching/Learning Process

Osguthorpe, RIchard D., "On the Possible Forms a Relationship Might Take between the Moral Character of a Teacher and the Moral Development of a Student," Teachers College Record, 111(January, 2009), 1-26., RIchard D. Osguthorpe

Annotation: Analyzes this relationship into three logical forms and elaborates on each and their applications; concludes that none of the three is definitive with respect to whether any such relationships actually exist; the three forms are "direct," "indirect with intervening variables," and "no relationship exists."

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Character Education, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Pacheco, Jose Augusto, Whole, Bright, Deep with Understanding: Life Story and Politics of Curriculum Study: In-between William Pinar and Ivor Goodson. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Jose Augusto Pacheco

Annotation: Attempts to bring together hundreds of quotations from Pinar's writing and talks with him into a coherent presentation and interpretation of his ideas and his contributions to the field of curriculum studies; also contains a chapter by Moreira treating Pinar and Goodson; concludes with verbatim interviews with Pinar and with Goodson by Pacheco.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses

Sokoloff, Ann L. Winter, "The Quest for a Unitary Curriculum," Curriculum History, (2009), 125-141. (Available through Texas Digital LIbrary), Ann L. Winter Sokoloff

Annotation: Traces the history of efforts to attain a unitary curriculum, with special emphasis on integrated units-of-work and examples from Dewey to the present.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Integration

Ponte, Petra, and Jan Ax, "Action Research and Pedagogy as Science of the Child's Upbringing," pp. 324-335 in Susan Noffke and Bridget Somekh, eds., The Sage Handbook of Educational Action Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009., Petra Ponte and Jan Ax

Annotation: Elucidates the European concept of pedagogy; distinguishes normative/dogmatic, humanistic, empirical/analytic, and critical pedagogy; notes the potential of action research for studying pedagogy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Teaching/Learning Process, Ethical Issues in Curriculum

Walker, Melainie, "Capabilities, Flourishing, and the Normative Purposes of Action Research," pp. 301-312 in Susan Noffke and Bridget Somekh, eds., The Sage Handbook of Educational Action Research. Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage, 2009., Melainie Walker

Annotation: Identifies crucial educational aims for democratic societies and proposes that action research be done within these normative contexts.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives

Lopes, Alice Casimiro, and Elizabeth Macedo, "An Analysis of Disciplinarity on the Organization of School Knowledge," pp. 169-185 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Alice Casimiro Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo

Annotation: Reviews various approaches to organizing the content of the curriculum (separate subjects/interdisciplinary); makes the distinction between subjects reflecting the disciplines of knowledge and those organized as school subjects that integrate content from multiple disciplines; illustrates this difference with the example of school science in Brazilian curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and the Disciplines, School Subjects, Science, Comparative Curriculum

Schoonmaker, Frances, "Only Those Who See Take Off Their Shoes: Seeing the Classroom as a Spiritual Space," Teachers College Record, 111(December, 2009)., 2713-2731., Frances Schoonmaker

Annotation: Argues for recognizing classrooms as spiritual space; offers examples from the author's own experience of teaching that illustrate students experiencing awe, wonder, and other dimensions of spirituality; suggests ways teachers and teacher educators can enhance their ability to see and facilitate the spiritual aspects of classroom learning.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum as Experience, Conceptions of Teaching, Self-Knowledge, Values in the Classroom, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Hidden Curriculum, Teaching/Learning Process

Howe, Kenneth R., Eric Bredo, R. Burke Johnson, and Linda C. Tillman,"Epistemology, Methodology, and Education Sciences," Educational Researcher, 38(August/September, 2009), 428-466., Kenneth R. Howe, Eric Bredo, R. Burke Johnson, and Linda C. Tillman

Annotation: Treats alternatives to positivist views on educational research; a series of scholars comment on these ideas and Howe responds.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Citations from 2008

Hansen, Klaus-Henning, "Rewriting Bildung for Postmodernity: Books on Educational Philosophy, Classroom Practice, and Reflective Teaching," Curriculum Inquiry, 38(January,2008), 93-115., Klaus-Henning Hansen

Annotation: Reviews three books (2000, 2002, 2003) on the concepts of Bildung and Bildung-centered Didaktik and underlines the need to rewrite Bildung today.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Liberal Education/General Education, Content Selection and Organization

Cochran-Smith, Marilyn, and Kelly E. Demers, "Teacher Education as a Bridge? Unpacking Curriculum Controversies," pp. 261-281 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Marilyn Cochran-Smith and Kelly E. Demers

Annotation: Analyzes variations in U. S. teacher education curricula and explores three contemporary controversies in teacher education curriculum related to the professional knowledge base, the science of reading, and social justice.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Education, Content Selection and Organization

Young, Michael F. D., "Curriculum Studies and the Problem of Knowledge: Updating the Enlightenment?" pp. 81-92 in Michael F. D. Young, Bringing Knowledge Back In: From Social Constructivism to Social Realism in the Sociology of Education. New York: Routledge, 2008., Michael F. D. Young

Annotation: Reflects on views of knowledge in the curriculum as evident in the field of Curriculum Studies; outlines an alternative approach with principles for guiding curriculum policy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and the Disciplines

Kitching, Gavin, The Trouble with Theory: The Educational Costs of Postmodernism. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008., Gavin Kitching

Annotation: Contains a set of philosophical arguments against theorists' adopting a postmodern philosophy of language like that found in the work of Foucault; draws on Wittgenstein's work to support the Enlightenment understanding of language and language use; critiques postmodern theorizing by students in excerpts from their theses.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research, Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses

Whitson, James A., "Decomposing Curriculum, vs Curriculum-as-Text," Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 5(Summer, 2008), 111-137., James A. Whitson

Annotation: Discusses and critiques the prevailing understandings of these two conceptions of curriculum; suggests ways curriculum inquiry can take into account the interweaving dimensions of curriculum realities including not only the formal textual aspects but also those embracing the formative experiences of the individual.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Frameworks, Curriculum as Experience

Shwartz, Yael, Ayelet Weizman, David Fortus, Joseph Krajcik, and Brian Reiser, "THe IQWST Experience: Using Coherence as a Design Principle for a MIddle School Science Curriculum," Elementary School Journal, 109(November, 2008), 199-291., Yael Shwartz, Ayelet Weizman, David Fortus, Joseph Krajcik, and Brian Reiser

Annotation: Reports a study of how a middle school science curriculum dealt with five aspects of coherence.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Development as Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Science, Content Selection and Organization

Shaker, Paul, and Elizabeth E. Heilman,"The Changing Vision of Education in Our Democratic Society," pp. 1-15 in their Reclaiming Education for Democracy: Thinking Beyond No Child Left Behind. New York: Routledge, 2008., Paul Shaker and Elizabeth E. Heilman

Annotation: Examines, critically, origins of recent education policy in the U. S. and introduces nine related essays on various aspects of this topic.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Democratic Education

Scott, David, Critical Essays on Major Curriculum Theorists. New York: Routledge, 2008., David Scott

Annotation: Summarizes and critiques arguments for eleven curricular themes or ideas developed by eleven different curriculum theorists (Popham, Stenhouse, Hirst, Foucault, Apple, Bernstein, Vygotski, Bruner, Giroux, Schon, and John White).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Valli, Linda, Robert G. Croninger, Marilyn J. Chambliss, Anna O. Graeber,and Daria Buese. Test Driven: High-Stakes Accountability in Elementary Schools. New York: Teachers College Press, 2008., Linda Valli, Robert G. Croninger, Marilyn J. Chambliss, Anna O. Graeber, and Daria Buese

Annotation: Presents data on how high-stakes testing and NCLB affected three elementary schools in the same school district during 2004-2005; teachers' stories are told about the test-taking cultures that developed, how they affected teachers' roles and responsibilities, how the curriculum was affected by the test-taking culture, how professional development changed, and how actual teaching was driven by this culture; key findings and policy recommendations are included with this report.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing

Null, J. Wesley, "William Bagley versus Arthur Bestor: Why the Standard Story is Not True," The Educational Forum, 72(No. 3, 2008), 200-214., J. Wesley Null

Annotation: Recovers the distinctive positions on teacher education curriculum held by these two men; shows what institutional forms these different conceptions took historically in higher education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Education, Higher Education Curriculum

Connelly, F. Michael, and Shijing Xu, "The Landscape of Curriculum and Instruction: Diversity and Continuity," pp 514-533 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., F. Michael Connelly and Shijing Xu

Annotation: Reflects on the content and significance of all the chapters in the Handbook; summarizes the current state-of-the-field of curriculum studies in its historical context and in relation to the 1992 Handbook; highlights global and comparative curriculum work.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum History, Literature of Curriculum

Nieto, Sonia, Patty Bode, Eugenie Kang, and John Raible, "Identity, Community, and Diversity: Retheorizing Multicultural Curriculum for the Postmodern Era," pp. 176-197 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Sonia Patty Nieto, Bode Eugenie Kang, and John Raible

Annotation: Reviews research on multicultural education and related issues; presents three ethnographic studies that highlight the theoretic frameworks discussed.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Multicultural Education

Deyhle, Donna, Karen Swisher, Tracy Stevens, and Ruth Trinidad Galvan, "Indigenous Resistance and Renewal: From Colonizing Practices to Self-Determination," pp. 329-348 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Donna Deyhle, Karen Swisher, Tracy Stevens, and Ruth Trinidad Galvan

Annotation: Surveys the issues related to the education of indigenous populations in the Western Hemisphere; gives illustrations of programs focusing on language revitalization.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Differentiation, Comparative Curriculum

Farrell, Joseph P., "Community Education in Developing Countries: The Quiet Revolution in Schooling," pp 369-389 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Joseph P. Farrell

Annotation: Summarizes research on traditional and community education forms of schooling in developing countries; reports a comparative analysis of programs in Columbia, Bangladesh, and Egypt; identifies areas of needed research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum as Environment

Craig, Cheryl J., and Vicki Ross, "Cultivating the Image of Teachers as Curriculum Makers," pp. 282-305 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Cheryl J. Craig and Vicki Ross

Annotation: Traces the literature on the topic over four decades; highlights the contributions of Schwab, Eisner, Seymour Fox, Shulman, and Connelly; takes note of related research on teacher-group planning, narratives, and action research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Planning, Teacher Research, Curriculum Development Strategies, Authority of Teacher, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum

Connelly, F. Michael, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion

Annotation: Contains 26 articles summarizing the state-of-the-field research in a wide variety of subtopics under Curriculum in Practice, Curriculum in Context, and Curriculum in Theory.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Literature of Curriculum

Young, Michael F. D., Bringing Knowledge Back In: From Social Constructivism to Social Realism in the Sociology of Education. New York: Routledge, 2008., Michael F. D. Young

Annotation: Contains fifteen essays on various aspects of the sociology of knowledge; several offer implications for curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines, Knowledge Generation

Hess, Frederick, ed., When Research Matters: How Scholarship Influences Education Policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2008., Frederick Hess

Annotation: Contains eleven articles summarizing and assessing the status of educational research and its use by policy-makers; takes up topics such as federal research organizations in education, NCLB, out-of-field teachers, public opinion, the courts, school administrator decision-making, demand for/consumers of/and political influence on educational research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study:
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Knowledge Utilization, Knowledge Linkage

Davis, Jessica Hoffman, "The Case for the Arts in Education," pp. 43-78 in her Why Our Schools Need the Arts. New York: Teachers College Press, 2008., Jessica Hoffman Davis

Annotation: Gives five unique features and ten outcomes as compelling reasons for including the arts in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Art Education

Glass, Gene V, "Notes on Theory, Research, and Policy," pp. 281-287 in Gene V Glass, Fertilizers, Pills, and Magnetic Strips: The Fate of Public Education in America. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2008., Gene V. Glass

Annotation: Gives the author's view of theory and conceptual frameworks in educational research and discusses the limited role educational research plays in educational policy-making.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization

Bai, Heesoon, and Avraham Cohen, "Breathing Qi (Ch'i), Following Dao(Tao): Transforming This Violence-Ridden World," pp. 35-54 in Claudia Eppert and Hongyu Wang, eds., Cross-Cultural Studies in Curriculum: Eastern Thought, Educational Insights. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2008., Heesoon Bai and Avraham Cohen

Annotation: Explains these concepts from Chinese philosophy and argues for curriculum based on these concepts as an antidote to Western dualism; stresses empmowerment through criticism, creativity, and ethics.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Semel, Susan F., and Alan R. Sadovnik, "The Contemporary Small-School Movement: Lessons from the History of Progressive Education," Teachers College Record, 110(September, 2008), 1744-1771., Susan F. Semel and Alan R. Sadovnik

Annotation: Examines similarities and differences between Central Park East Secondary School in New York City and earlier progressive schools such as the Dalton School and the City and Country School.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum History, Local Control of Schooling

Pinar, William F., "A Portrait of Bill Doll," Journal of the Canadian Association of Curriculum Studies, 6(Spring-Summer, 2008), 21-23., William F. Pinar

Annotation: Provides an overview of the contributions of Bill Doll to the field of curriculum studies; several articles related to Doll's work follow this article.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Professors, Curriculum History

Schiro, Michael Stephen, Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2008., Michael Stephen Schiro

Annotation: Outlines four curriculum ideologies (scholar academic, social efficiency, learner-centered, and social reconstruction) and systematically illustrates and analyzes each ideology for its view of aims, knowledge, the child, learning, teaching, and evaluation; contrasts and compares the four curriculum ideologies, and provides an inventory for educators to identify their own curriculum ideologies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Visions and Philosophies
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

Koretz, Daniel, "What Test Scores Tell Us About American Kids," pp. 74-112 in his Measuring Up: What Educational Testing Really Tells Us. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008., Daniel Koretz

Annotation: Presents well-argued explanations about what data from standardized tests can and cannot tell us about student achievement; draws on careful analyses of a variety of data from tests like the SAT to tests of international comparisons; alerts readers to several kinds of misinterpretations of test scores that are made by people lacking adequate understanding of the principles of measurement and test construction.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Student Assessment

Teitelbaum, Kenneth, "Curriculum," pp. 168-177 in Sandra Mathison and E. Wayne Ross, eds., Battleground Schools. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008., Kenneth Teitelbaum

Annotation: Identifies controversies in the field of curriculum that require deliberation and decision; includes definitional issues, competing interests, what knowledge is of most worth, and a list of current debates over specific content.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation

Begg, Andrew J. C., Emerging Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers,2008., Andrew J. C. Begg

Annotation: Provides an autobiographical narrative of this New Zealand educator's emerging views of curriculum; focuses his report on selected incidents in teaching mathematics, writing textbooks, developing curriculum, teaching teachers, researching curriculum, and comparing international curricula; concludes with how he understands curriculum now.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Narrative Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Frameworks, Curriculum Development Strategies, Comparative Curriculum, Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research

Grumet, Madeleine. Amy Anderson, and Chris Osmon, "Finding Form for Curriculum Research," pp. 136-156 in Kathleen Gallagher, ed., The Methodological Dilemma: Creative, Critical, and Collaborative Approaches to Qualitative Research. New York: Rutledge, 2008., Madeleine Grumet, Amy Anderson, and Chris Osmon

Annotation: Suggests three ways curriculum may be studied: as a cultural object, as an event, and as a researcher's subjectivity--each with its appropriate form of qualitative method; case studies are included to illustrate these points.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research

Boote, David, "Notes Toward a Naturalistic Study of Education Research Methodology," Interchange, 39(July, 2008), 303-325., David Boote

Annotation: Discusses the need to examine how research is actually conducted in order to avoid blind adherence to methodology and to take context into account; urges producing reasoned arguments for research results.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Egan, Kieran, The Future of Education: Reimagining Our Schools from the Ground Up. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008., Kieran Egan

Annotation: Envisions an approach to teaching, curriculum, and schooling that focuses on accumulating five cognitive tools: somatic, mythic, romantic, philosophic,and ironic understandings; presents an imaginative future history from the years 2010-2060 of how changes from current practices to the ideal (called Imaginative Education) might occur.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum Frameworks

Middleton, James, Stephen Gorard, Chris Taylor, and Brenda Bannen-Ritland, "The 'Compleat' Design Experiment," pp. 21-46 in Anthony E. Kelly, Richard A. Lesh, and John Y. Beck, eds., Handbook of Design Research Methods in Education. New York: Routledge, 2008., James Middleton, Stephen Gorard, Chris Taylor, and Brenda Bannen-Ritland

Annotation: Defines the grammar of the design research process in education (based on its practice in engineering); gives a multiple-phase model of the compleat design cycle; illustrates this with an extended example in mathematics instructional design.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Development as Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum Development Strategies, Mathematics

Levin, Ben, "Curriculum Policy and the Politics of What Should Be Learned in Schools," pp. 7-24 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Ben Levin

Annotation: Lays out the practical aspects of the processes by which governments determine curriculum policies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Curriculum Deliberation

Stiegelbauer, Suzanne M., "The Dimensions of Implementation: From Plans to Action," pp. 112-133 in Stephen P. Gordon, ed., Collaborative Action Research: Developing Professional Learning Communities. New York: Teachers College Press, 2008., Suzanne M. Stiegelbauer

Annotation: Gives a synthesis of research on the implementation process as it relates to action research projects; is cast in practical language.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation, Knowledge Linkage, Knowledge Generation

Hansen, David T., "Curriculum and the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Inheritance," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 40(June, 2008), 289-312., David T. Hansen

Annotation: Traces the history of the idea of the cosmopolitan and various conceptions of cosmopolitanism; contrasts these ideas with other "isms," suggests that a cosmopolitan-oriented curriculum need not conflict with organizing curriculum content or structures but can affect the understanding or world inheritance of that content; discusses the contours of cosmopolitan sensibility and how to educate for it.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Teaching/Learning Process

Roby, Thomas W., IV, "How Joe Schwab Thinks: A Review of 'The Practical' after 40 Years," Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 24(No. 1, 2008), 85-89., Thomas W. Roby IV

Annotation: Explores the meaning and potential impact of Schwab's view of "The Practical."

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum Deliberation, Curriculum Development Strategies

Bannen-Ritland, Brenda, and John Y. Beck, "Investigating the Act of Design in Design Research," pp. 299-319 in Anthony E. Kelly, Richard A. Lesh, and John Y. Beck, eds., Handbook of Design Research Methods in Education. New York; Routledge, 2008., Brenda Bannen-Ritland and John Y. Beck

Annotation: Stipulates the phases and methods of the Integrative Learning Design Framework and discusses related issues.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Development as Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Kincheloe, Joe L., "The Curriculum and the Classroom," pp. 85-103 in Joe L. Kincheloe, ed., Classroom Teaching: An Introduction. New York Peter Lang, 2008. Reprinted pp. 611-632 in Joao M. Paraskeva and Shirley R. Steinberg, ed., Curriculum: Decanonizing the Field. New York: Peter Lang, 2016., Joe L. Kincheloe

Annotation: Esplains why teaching is so difficult and limited under NCLB guidelines; advises teachers on how to teach under repressive conditions (after becoming aware of how knowledge is produced, how power shapes the curriculum, and how a critical perspective can assist); urges teachers to be developers.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Conceptions of Teaching, Curriculum Development Strategies, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Ideology and School Knowledge, Local Control of Schooling, Social Efficiency/Control, Teacher Planning, Teacher Research, Teaching/Learning Process, Values in the Classroom

He, Ming Fang, JoAnn Phillion, Elaine Chan, and Shijing Xu, "Immigrant Students' Experience of Curriculum," pp. 219-239 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Ming Fang He, JoAnn Phillion, Elaine Chan, and Shijing Xu

Annotation: Traces several lines of inquiry on the topic and notes several unresolved issues as well as instances of hope and possibility.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience, Multicultural Education

Darling-Hammond, Linda, and Laura McCloskey, "What Would It Mean to be Internationally Competitive?" Phi Delta Kappan, 90 (December, 2008), 263-272., Linda Darling-Hammond and Laura McCloskey

Annotation: Suggests policy directions for U.S. education in light of policies in place in countries with outstanding achievement records (Finland, Sweden, Australia, United Kingdom, Hong Kong).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing

Boostrom, Robert, "Transdimensional Curriculum: A Review of the SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction," Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 10(Nos. 1 & 2, 2008), 281-300. Additional reviews of this Handbook appear in Curriculum Inquiry 39(January, 2009)., Robert Boostrom

Annotation: Reviews and critiques the 2008 Handbook and raises issues related to the treatment of some of its topics.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Literature, Literature of Curriculum

Coulter, David L., and John R. Weins, eds., Why Do We Educate? Renewing the Conversation. 107th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Vol. One. Walden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2008., David L. Coulter and John R. Weins

Annotation: Presents evocative ideas by more than twenty authors regarding fundamental purposes, ideals, and subject matters for consideration by educational policy-makers, school curriculum planners, and the public; aims at "renewing the conversation" on these topics.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

McDonnell, Lorraine M., "The Politics of Educational Accountability: Can the Clock Be Turned Back?" pp. 47-67 in Katherine E. Ryan and Lorrie A. Shepard, eds.. The Future of Test-Based Educational Accountability. New York: Routledge, 2008., Lorraine M. McDonnell

Annotation: Discusses why test-based accountability developed as a dominant policy idea; explains what would have to change to install an alternative approach.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum and Politics

Staller, Karen M., Ellen Block, and Pilar S. Horner, "History of Methods in Social Science Research," pp. 25-51 in Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber and Patricia Leavy, eds., Handbook of Emergent Methods. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008., Karen M. Staller, Ellen Block, and Pilar S. Horner

Annotation: Reports a study of the development of social science research methods from the 1960s to the present; charts the emergence of postmodern methods, globalization and internet impact on methods, and the troubling role of the researcher, of theory, and of technology in methods; discusses the blurring of the lines between humanistic and social science approaches.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

Deng, Zongyi, and Allan Luke, "Subject Matter: Defining and Theorizing School Subjects," pp. 66-87 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Zongyi Deng and Allan Luke

Annotation: Describes how curriculum planners draw upon disciplinary, practical, and experiential knowledge to develop subject matter for schooling; illustrates and analyzes the various approaches in relation to historical curriculum orientations and the changing demands of technology and society.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization

Enns, Robin J., "Hidden Research in Curriculum," pp. 431-439 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Robin J. Enns

Annotation: Highlights curriculum research carried out on issues of interest to particular policy-making bodies, which often is not published or used outside the local context; urges that this hidden research be published and explored for its usefulness elsewhere.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Curriculum Evaluation, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation, Knowledge Utilization, Classroom Observation & Research

Apple, Michael W., "Curriculum Planning: Content, Form, and the Politics of Accountability," pp. 25-44 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Michael W. Apple

Annotation: Reviews political issues and actions related to deciding curriculum content and curriculum organization, including struggles by various social groups to influence textbook content, standards and testing, and pedagogical practices that are adopted by legislative bodies in both the United States and the United Kingdom.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Comparative Curriculum

Henig, Jeffrey, R., "The Evolving Relationship between Researchers and Public Policy," 89(January, 2008), 357-360., Jeffrey R. Henig

Annotation: Describes five factors affecting the relationship between educational research and its use by policymakers: new means of dissemination, new discipline-based researchers and fragmentation of publication outlets, expanded corporate (non-public) producers of research, increased foundation-supported research, and increased bias induced by government requirements on research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Knowledge Utilization, Government Role in Educational Research & Development