Type of Study - Status Study
Status Studies
Annotation: Describes laboratory, pilot, and field tryout phases and related procedures.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Materials Development and Evaluation
Lewy, Arieh, and Miriam Ben-Peretz, "Curriculum-Specific Evaluation Criteria," pp. 1359-1366 in Torsten Husen and Thomas N. Postlethwaite, eds., The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed. New York: Pergamon, 1994.*, Arieh Lewy and Miriam Ben-Peretz
Annotation: Reviews criteria for curriculum evaluation (balance, relevance, potential).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry, Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Potential, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egan G. Egon, "Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences," pp. 163-188 in Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln , eds., The Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000., Yvonna S. Lincoln and Egan G. Egon
Annotation: Presents five paradigms of qualitative research (postivism, postpositivism, critical theory, constructivism, participatory) with basic beliefs in each, and analyzes positions each of them take on thirteen issues (e. g., criteria of quality, control, voice).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Lundgren, Ulf P. and M. A. Colliander, "Curriculum Pacing," pp. 1233-1235 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education . New York: Pergamon, 1984., Ulf P. Lundgren and M. A. Colliander
Annotation: Discusses the notion of pacing and time factors in curriculum construction and implementation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Teaching/Learning Process
Annotation: Places the essays that follow this article in the context of their contributions to recognizing the current status of the field of curriculum studies; analyzes them and articulates a framework for viewing them on a number of dimensions; based on papers by young reconceptualist scholars given at 2006 Purdue conference and responses to them by older scholars; gives the editor's sense of the field at the current moment and where it might go in the future.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Mardis, Marcia A., and Ellen S. Hoffman, "Educational Digital Libraries: Platforms for Innovation and Equity," pp. 163-180 in Sharon Y. Tettegah and Richard C. Hunter, eds., Technology and Education: Issues in Administration, Policy, and Applications in K12 Schools. New York: Elsevier, 2006., Marcia A. Mardis and Ellen S. Hoffman
Annotation: Presents a state-of-the-field report on policies and practices related to the development and use of digital libraries and the content available in them to teachers and students.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Media and Computers in Curriculum Development, Content Selection and Organization
Annotation: Discusses duties, attributes, and impact of curriculum consultants.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Professionalization in Curriculum, Curriculum Specialists in Schools
Annotation: Critically examines the contributions of reconceptualists to curriculum theory and practice.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines,Curriculum Conceptions and Theories,Curriculum Research Domains and Structure,Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism,Phenomenological Inquiry,Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Discusses criteria for determining balance in the curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization
Annotation: Discusses the role of teachers in curriculum reform in the United Kingdom, among other things.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum Implementation
Annotation: Reviews several forms of qualitative curriculum evaluation, their similarities, and their differences.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Annotation: Traces the history of curriculum research in the U.S. from the early 20th century to the present.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum History
McLaren, Peter L., and James M. Giarelli, "Introduction: Critical Theory and Educational Research," pp. 1-22 in Peter L. McLaren and James M. Giarelli, eds., Critical Theory and Educational Research. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1995., Peter L. McLaren and James M. Giarelli
Annotation: Provides a summary of the character and current status of critical theory and educational research and gives an overview of 15 essays in the book that mark the controversies and cutting-edge studies of the current work in critical educational research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
McNeil, John D., "Curriculum--A Field Shaped by Different Faces," Educational Researcher, 7(September, 1978), 19-23.*, John D. McNeil
Annotation: Reviews the state of curriculum research in school settings, curriculum policymaking, and implementation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Milburn, Geoffrey, "Understanding Curriculum," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 32(May-June, 2000), 445-452., Geoffrey Milburn
Annotation: Reviews Pinar, et al., Understanding Curriculum, 1995, and contrasts its coverage with Jackson, Handbook of Research on Curriculum, 1992.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Literature of Curriculum
Annotation: Reviews models of curriculum change in the British educational setting.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum Implementation
Murphy, Joseph, "Equity as Student Opportunity to Learn," Theory Into Practice, 27(Spring, 1988), 145-151.*, Joseph Murphy
Annotation: Reviews studies of equity in curriculum enactment.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Differentiation
Annotation: Reviews developments in the sociology of knowledge and the theories of Mannheim, Bernstein, Bourdieu, Apple, and others.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Assesses state of curriculum history.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum History
Annotation: Summarizes nature, role, methods, and paradigms for curriculum evaluation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Citations
Norton, John K., and Margaret A. Norton, "Trends in Curriculum Building," pp. 546-570 in their Foundations of Curriculum Building. Boston: Ginn & Company, 1936., John K. Norton and Margaret A. Norton
Annotation: Identifies eight major trends in curriculum building as of 1936 in the U. S.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development-Organization-Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Development Strategies
Status Studies
Annotation: Traces the emergence of several views from recent curriculum theorists on the role subject matter can play in reaching educational goals or ends.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors
Oberg, Antoinette A., "Curriculum Decision," pp. 1154-1155 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Pergamon, 1984., Antoinette A. Oberg
Annotation: Presents a brief overview of the nature of curriculum decisions.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Pacheco, Jose Augusto, "Curriculum Studies: What Is the Field Today?" Journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies, 8(Spring, 2012),1-18., Jose Augusto Pacheco
Annotation: Gives detailed analyses of recent decades of work in the field of Curriculum Studies; gives special attention to the work of Apple, Pinar, Goodson, and Young; draws some themes from these analyses.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors, Literature of Curriculum
Annotation: Describes the changing face of curriculum evaluation, its characteristics--key models--steps, and qualities needed in curriculum evaluators.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum Specialists in Schools
Annotation: Analyzes differences between disciplines, interdiciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, and transdiciplinarity.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum Integration, Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines
Annotation: Reviews various modes of curriculum theory and several issues which were background for the report of papers from the 1974 curriculum theory conference at the University of Rochester.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, American/International Curriculum Organizations
Annotation: Reviews the theorists who have contributed to understanding curriculum through multi-discursive efforts such as politically, autobiographically, gendered, postmodern, internationally, and more.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Annotation: Summarizes the state of research on self and the curriculum and its implications for curriculum theory.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Self-Knowledge
Pinar, William F., "Notes on the Curriculum Field 1978," Educational Researcher, 7(September, 1978), 5-12.*, William F. Pinar
Annotation: Reviews the state of curriculum theorizing and distinguishes between modes and types needing to be generated.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Pinar, William F., "Reply to My Critics," Curriculum Inquiry, 10(Summer, 1980), 199-205., William F. Pinar
Annotation: Responds to articles by the Tanners and by Jackson which were crtical of Pinar's reconceptualist approaches.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Reviews the period of radical change in the curriculum field (1957-1987) and the work of the contributors to it.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Pinar, William F., "What is the Reconceptualization?" The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 1(Winter, 1979), 93-104., William F. Pinar
Annotation: Describes the approach taken by the reconceptualists toward emancipation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Pinar, William, and Madeleine Grumet, "Theory and Practice and the Reconceptualization of Curriculum Studies," pp. 20-44 in Martin Lawn and Len Barton, eds., Rethinking Curriculum Studies . New York: Halsted Press, 1981., William Pinar and Madeleine Grumet
Annotation: Traces the effort to establish curriculum studies as a discipline; reviews work of the reconceptualists in this effort.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Annotation: Describes the function, formulation, and types of curriculum objectives.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives
Porter, Andrew C., "National Standards and School Improvement in the 1990s: Issues and Promise," American Journal of Education, 102(August, 1994), 42l-449., Andrew C. Porter
Annotation: Analyzes different types of standards as they are emerging from current debates on curriculum standards; also discusses several related issues.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum and Politics, Content Selection and Organization
Annotation: Analyzes curriculum planning models as to procedural, descriptive, and conceptual features and illustrates each with examples.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Annotation: Discusses knowledge as curriculum content and knowledge of curriculum development (means-end, naturalistic, epistemological, analysis of experiences and preconceptions, approaches).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum Development Strategies
Pratt, David and Edmund C. Short, "Curriculum Management," pp. 1320-1325 in Torsten Husen and Thomas N. Postlethwaite, eds., The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed. New York: Pergamon, 1994.*, David Pratt and Edmund C. Short
Annotation: Covers curriculum development processes of needs assessment, planning of all elements of curriculum, structuring of the elements, installation, maintenance, and research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies
Reid, William A., "Essay Review: The State of Curriculum Inquiry," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 24(March-April, 1992), 165-177.*, William A. Reid
Annotation: Discusses the direction curriculum inquiry has taken in recent years as revealed in the book on Forms of Curriculum Inquiry edited by E. C. Short in 1991.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Compares Pinar's and Jackson's views of curriculum theory and advocates a combination of both through dialogue.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Reimers, Fernando M, and Connie K. Chung, eds., Teaching and Learning for the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2016., Fernando M. Reimers and Connie K. Chung
Annotation: Reports on studies in six countries (Singapore, China, Chile, Mexico, India, United States--Massachusetts) on the degree to which they have included and successfully implemented 21st Century Knowledge and Skills as stipulated in the 2012 National Research Council list; summaries of cross-country differences and similarities are also included.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Curriculum Implementation, Program Audit/Evaluation
Robinson, Agnes S., "Curriculum Building," pp. 564-575 in Lee C. Deighton, ed., The Encyclopedia of Education , Volume 2. New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 1971., Agnes S. Robinson
Annotation: Summarizes the literature on curriculum development and provides a model of a master plan for curriculum development.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies
Annotation: Traces the origin and progression of the Common Core Standards movement and its political history over the last two decades; presents examples of the standards in reading and mathematics; gives the arguments pro and con for various stances on the standards.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum History
Rubin, Louis, "Muddy Curriculum Waters," Peabody Journal of Education, 69(Summer, 1994), 21-37., Louis Rubin
Annotation: Sums up current issues in curriculum reform having policy implications.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Annotation: Discusses the curriculum reform system in various national contexts; reviews various models of curriculum development (RDD, democratic interaction) and problems associated with implementing curriculum reforms.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum Development Strategies
Annotation: Describes the nature and characteristics of school level curriculum development and identifies its advantages and disadvantages.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies
Annotation: Sums up issues related to curriculum evaluation: need for, who should do it, organization for doing it, and limitations.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation
Annotation: Notes questions evaluation research should address, methods for doing such research, how reports can be tailored to various audiences, and needed research on the use of evaluation research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Defining Curriculum Research Questions, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Reviews several decades of inquiry in curriculum related to practical inquiry, evaluation, existentialist perspectives, hidden curriculum, critical theory, teacher action research, reconceptualist theorizing, and curriculum history; the diversity of substantive topics addressed in this research is also illustrated; both the form and the substance of curriculum inquiry are treated alongside four paradigmatic perspectives (empirical-analytic, hermeneutic, critical, and post-modern).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Schubert, William H., "Curriculum Validation," pp. 1274-1275 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite. eds., International Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Pergamon, 1984., William H. Schubert
Annotation: Explores what is involved in validating curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation
Annotation: Assesses the state of currculum history as represented by SSCH.
Broad Topical Focus: Defining Curriculum Research Questions, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum History, American/International Curriculum Organizations
Annotation: Presents Scriven's state-of-the-art view of the process and discipline of Evaluation; a revised and fuller version of this article entitled, "The Foundation and Future of Evaluation," appears in pp. 11-44 in Stewart I. Donaldson, ed.,The Future of Evaluation in Society. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2013.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Program Audit/Evaluation, Evaluation of Instruction, Student Assessment, Teacher Evaluation
Annotation: Reviews reconceptualist curriculum theory.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Seddon, Terri, "Curriculum History: A Map of Key Issues," Curriculum Perspectives, 9(October, 1989), 1-16.*, Terri Seddon
Annotation: A thorough review of the state-of-the-art of doing curriculum history published in English. Discusses focus, boundaries, conceptions, and theory.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Comparative Curriculum, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Annotation: Summarizes the status of governance and control of curriculum in the 1970s and early 1980s in the U. S.; proposes criteria for an adequate structure of curriculum control.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay,Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum, Social Efficiency/Control
Annotation: Identifies journals in English and in other languages and their sponsoring professional organizations that publish or foster curriculum research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Publication Outlets for Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Literature of Curriculum
Annotation: Gives an overview of curriculum policy research, outlines the approaches and inquiry methods being used in this domain of research, and maps out various facets of curriculum policy research that pertains to the policy-making process itself (developing, choosing, enacting, and evaluating policy options); cites illustrative studies in each category.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation, Knowledge Generation, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Curriculum and Politics
Short, Edmund C., "Understanding Curriculum Inquiry," pp. 1-25 in Edmund C. Short, ed., Forms of Curriculum Inquiry . Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1991.*, Edmund C. Short
Annotation: Discusses the nature and structure of curriculum inquiry and its relation to curriculum research questions.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Defining Curriculum Research Questions, Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Treats the problem of integrating curriculum knowledge and skills into teacher education curriculum; cites both generic and particular models.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Programs of Study in Curriculum and Instruction, Teacher Education
Simon, Katherine G., "Classroom Deliberation," pp. 107-129 in Susan Fuhrman and Marvin Lazerson, eds., The Public Schools. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005., Katherine G. Simon
Annotation: Reviews examples of classroom civic deliberations , the skills involved, and obstacles to such deliberations.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Social Studies, Curriculum Deliberation, Citizenship Education
Annotation: Discusses various ways of arranging curriculum elements or institutional levels and patterns in organizing curriculum; refers to work by various international bodies.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Comparative Curriculum, American/International Curriculum Organizations
Annotation: Surveys curriculum renewal strategies, pace, directions of change, the frameworks and targets approaches to change, and future challenges in a cross-national review.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies
Annotation: Discusses various modifications teachers make in implementing the curriculum to meet students where they are.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Planning, Curriculum Implementation, Multiethnic Adaptation
Annotation: Discusses philosophical, pedagogical, political, and economic issues involved in deciding on a new curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Curriculum Implementation, Curriculum Deliberation
Staller, Karen M., Ellen Block, and Pilar S. Horner, "History of Methods in Social Science Research," pp. 25-51 in Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber and Patricia Leavy, eds., Handbook of Emergent Methods. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008., Karen M. Staller, Ellen Block, and Pilar S. Horner
Annotation: Reports a study of the development of social science research methods from the 1960s to the present; charts the emergence of postmodern methods, globalization and internet impact on methods, and the troubling role of the researcher, of theory, and of technology in methods; discusses the blurring of the lines between humanistic and social science approaches.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Discusses community participation in curriculum planning in developing countries and in industrialized countries.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Discusses several facets of parent participation in curriculum decision-making.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Deliberative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Stoughton, Charles R., ed., Issues in Curricululm Theory. Washington, DC: Univiersity Press of America, 1981., Charles R. Stoughton
Annotation: Presents 12 brief articles treating curriulum theory and several related topics as summarized in 1981.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Annotation: Gives views on state of curriculum history.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Stufflebeam, Daniel L., and Anthony J. Shinkfield, Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007., Daniel L. Stufflebeam
Annotation: Presents a thorough, comprehensive guide to the discipline of evaluation; covers 26 different approaches to doing evaluations classified within five major types; illustrates in detail seven of the best approaches; provides guidance on all practical aspects of evaluation work.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation, Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Describes the nature and limits of long-term retrospective evaluation and gives examples.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation
Annotation: Reviews the history of curriculum study, theory, and reform.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Marks the fifth year of the SSCH with comments on the status and progress of work to date.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum History
Taylor, Philip H., "Curriculum Research: Retrospect and Prospect --A Personal Appreciation," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 14(January-March, 1982), 53-59., Philip H. Taylor
Annotation: Summarizes past curriculum research in Great Britain and discusses its future prospects.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum
Teitelbaum, Kenneth, "Curriculum," pp. 168-177 in Sandra Mathison and E. Wayne Ross, eds., Battleground Schools. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008., Kenneth Teitelbaum
Annotation: Identifies controversies in the field of curriculum that require deliberation and decision; includes definitional issues, competing interests, what knowledge is of most worth, and a list of current debates over specific content.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Annotation: Describes two types of curriculum enrichment: extended planning and individualized enrichment.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Differentiation, Content Selection and Organization
Thomas, Thomas F., and William H. Schubert, "Recent Curriculum Theory: Proposals for Understanding, Critical Praxis, Inquiry, and Expansion of Conversation," Educational Theory, 47(Spring, 1997), 261-285.*, Thomas F. Thomas and William H. Schubert
Annotation: Reviews and critques three books-- Understanding Curriculum (Pinar, et al.), Curriculum for Utopia (Stanley), and Studying Curriculum (Goodson).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Classics of Curriculum Literature, Curriculum History, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Thomas, Thomas P., and Peter B. Hilton, "Subject Matter as Experience," pp. 11-18 in Ming Fang He, Brian D. Schultz, and William H. Schubert, eds., The Sage Guide to Curriculum in Education. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2015., Thomas P. Thomas and Peter B. Hilton
Annotation: Reviews various orientations taken by leading curriculum theorists on making experience the focus of the curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience
Thornton, Stephen J., and Keith C. Barton, "Can History Stand Alone? Drawbacks and Blind Spots of a 'Disciplinary' Curriculum," Teachers College Record, 112(September, 2010) 2471-2495., Stephen J. Thornton and Keith C. Barton
Annotation: Summarizes the array of positions taken on the question of what place and form historical knowledge should have within school curriculum; analyzes the arguments made by various authorities over the last 100 years or more on this question; lays out a basis for gaining some consensus on the matter across conflicting positions.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Historical Inquiry, Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Social Studies
Annotation: Distinguishes among three ways of integating curriculum subject matter and reviews theoretical and research work related to them.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Integration
Annotation: Discusses the need for and rise of a Canadian history of curriculum development.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Gives a brief overview of curriculum history in France.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Reflects on preceding chapters in this book highlighting a number of issues of continuing importance.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Gives helpful resources for deciding on objectives, learning experiences, and their organization.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum Aims and Objectives
Annotation: Identifies the studies of transfer of Thorndike, Dewey's writing on interest and effort, the 26th Yearbook of NSSE, the work in the 1930s of the Society for Curriculum Study, and the experiments in schools in the 1930s such as the Eight-Year Study.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Classics of Curriculum Literature, American/International Curriculum Organizations
Annotation: Identifies major questions and common threads related to curriculum development; describes curriculum as a field of practice and draws implications for training curriculum practitioners.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Practical Knowledge, Programs of Study in Curriculum and Instruction, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Specialists in Schools
Annotation: Names and describes the work of curriculum development centers around the world.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Compares European and Chinese curriculum development and research on nine threads of a "curriculum spider-web."
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Content Selection and Organization
Citations
Wahlstrom, Ninni, "Where is 'Political' in Curriculum Research? Journal of Curriculum Studies, 50(6, 2018), 711-723", Ninni Wahlstrom
Annotation: Reviews articles in JCS's first 50 years that reflect the changing history of curriculum research during this period; treats topics such as content vs goals, the advent of ethnographic methods, the tension over whether to focus on schools or their broader social contexts; and whether a political perspective should be incorporated into curriculum research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Reseach and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Comparisons Among Inquiry Modes
Status Studies
Annotation: Discusses the identification, teaching, and assessment of social skills to special education students; also suggests related needed research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Exceptional Education, Content Selection and Organization
Annotation: Discusses various conceptions of curriculum and how the curriculum emerges as a result of accommodating different views of what is considered necessary for students to know and experience; summarizes history of curriculum in 20th century; gives an institutional understanding of curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Definitions, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Knowledge Generation
Westbury, Ian, and William Steimer, "Curriculum: A Discipline in Search of Its Problems," School Review, 79(February, 1971), 243-267.*, Ian Westbury and William Steimer
Annotation: Gives evidence of the incoherence of the field of curriculum research and practice and analyzes a range of problems needing disciplined intellectual effort in the field.
Broad Topical Focus: Defining Curriculum Research Questions,Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General,Curriculum Research Domains and Structure,Curriculum Definitions,Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Reviews Hirsh's forms of knowledge and other contributions of philosophy to curriculum development.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines
Annotation: Reviews the author's work in Sociology of Education as well as that of other key contributors; examines issues in the use (or non-use) of work done by sociologists of education and by educational policy workers in Britain.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Curriculum and Politics, Comparative Curriculum, Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Characterizes qualitative curriculum evaluation, traces its origins, outlines its principle activities and aims, and describes one form known as educational connoisseurship and criticism.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Annotation: Describes the origins, procedures, and aims of qualitative forms of curriculum evaluation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Woods, Peter, and Martyn Hammersley, "School Experience: Explorations in the Sociology of Education," pp. 9-27 in Peter Woods and Martyn Hammersley, eds., School Experience . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977., Peter Woods and Martyn Hammersley
Annotation: Gives a brief explanation of the work done in the sociology of education and summarizes critical sociological studies in the authors' book.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Hidden Curriculum, Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Argues that the scholarly field of Curriculum Studies has lost its integrity because it has focused on theoretical issues rather than on the needs of its constituents to enhance 1) curriculum development and the insights of curriculum practice, 2) the experiences of students, and 3) curriculum policy.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors, Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Discusses theory-practice split attibuted to the reconceptualists; a response by Pinar and a rejoinder by Wraga follows.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History