CIRS - Curriculum Inquiry and Related Studies in Educational Research: A Searchable Bibliography of Selected Studies is a database of research studies that focuses primarily on curriculum practices and policies in education, inquiry methods useful in studying these topics, and exemplary studies from the published literature on these topics. This bibliography features a search capability by which a user can readily draw out from this list of nearly 4000 citations a list of those citations of interest on a specific topic. It covers much of the 20th century and 21st century literature to 2022. Each citation is accompanied by a brief annotation of its contents and by a series of descriptors by which it can be located in a search of the entire bibliography. To see what appears in a full citation, see a citation in the list below. This list contains all the citations available in CIRS and can be browsed here if desired. Searching by author, topic, or descriptor is possible by use of options listed under Browse CIRS in the column to the left.

For searching or printing help, visit the Tips for Using the CIRS Database page. For more information about this database, click on any of the following links: About the Bibliography; Significance; About the Compiler.

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Lawn, Martin, "From Responsiblity to Competency: A New Context for Curriculum Studies in England and Wales," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 22(July-August, 1990), 388-392.*, Martin Lawn

Annotation: Summarizes the educational polity impacts of Thatcherism on curriculum in the late 1980s.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Comparative Curriculum

 

Lawn, Martin, and Len Barton, "Curriculum Politics and Emancipation," pp. 237-247 in Martin Lawn and Len Barton, Rethinking Curriculum Studies . New York: Halsted Press, 1981., Martin Lawn and Len Barton

Annotation: Takes stock of current research in curriculum studies and challenges researchers not to act as unwitting agents of the state.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Critical Inquiry, Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge, Curriculum and Politics, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum, Knowledge Generation

 

Lawn, Martin, and Len Barton, "Curriculum Studies: Reconceptualism or Reconstruction?" The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 2(Winter, 1980), 47-56., Martin Lawn and Len Barton

Annotation: Summarizes and contrasts the curriculum literature based on technical, humanistic, and political paradigms.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Literature of Curriculum

 

Lawrence-Lightfoot, Sara, and Jessica Hoffman Davis, The Art and Science of Portraiture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997., Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot and Jessica Hoffman Davis

Annotation: Describes and illustrates the use of aesthetic approaches to educational inquiry using portraiture.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lawton, Denis, "Curriculum History: United Kingdom," pp. 1202-1204 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Education . New York: Pergamon, 1984., Denis Lawton

Annotation: Describes briefly curriculum history in the United Kingdom.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum History

 

Lawton, Denis, "Metaphor and the Curriculum," pp. 79-90 in William Taylor (ed.), Metaphors of Education . London: Heinemann, 1984.*, Denis Lawton

Annotation: Identifies and analylzes several metaphors used for the curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research,Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives

 

Lazerson, Marvin, Judith Block McLaughlin, and Bruce McPherson, "New Curriculum, Old Issues," Teachers College Record, 86(Winter, 1984), 300-319.*, Marvin Lazerson, Judith Block McLaughlin, and Bruce McPherson

Annotation: Reviews history of SMSG, MACOS, and other reforms of the 1950s and 1960s.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Development Strategies, Mathematics, Social Studies, Curriculum and the Disciplines

 

Leafgren, Sheri,and Michael P. O'Malley, "How Might Spiritual, Moral, or Theological Discourses Influence and Inspire Curriculum and Pedagogy?" Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 2(Winter, 2005), 19-118., Sheri and Leafgren and Michael P. O'Malley

Annotation: Introduces a series of papers resonding to this question.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Visions and Philosophies, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Religious Inquiry, Moral Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Lebrun, Johanne, and others, "Past and Current Trends in the Analysis of Textbooks in a Quebec Context," Curriculum Inquiry, 32(Spring, 2002), 51-83., Johanne Lebrun

Annotation: Reviews research on the analysis of textbooks since 1960 in Quebec and around the world.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Textbooks, Materials Development and Evaluation, Comparative Curriculum

 

LeCompte, Margaret, "Learning to Work: The Hidden Curriculum of the Classroom," Anthropology and Educational Quarterly, 9(February, 1978), 22-37.*, Margaret LeCompte

Annotation: Reports a study of the hidden curriculum in a New Mexico classroom related to teacher autonomy.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry, Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Hidden Curriculum, Classroom Observation & Research, Conceptions of Teaching, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum

 

LeCompte, Margaret D., and Kathleen Bennett DeMarrais, "The Disempowering of Empowerment: Out of the Revolution and into the Classroom," Educational Foundations, 6(Summer, 1992), 5-31., Margaret D. LeCompte and Kathleen Bennett DeMarrais

Annotation: Traces origins of empowerment and its uses and misuses in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Teaching/Learning Process

 

LeCompte, Margaret D., and Judith Preissle Goetz, "Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research," Review of Educational Research, 52(Spring, 1982), 31-60.*, Margaret D. LeCompte and Judith Preissle Goetz

Annotation: Reviews threats to and strategies to enhance credibility in ethnographic research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

LeCompte, Margaret D., and Jean J. Schensul, Designing and Conducting Ethnographic Research. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 1999., Margaret D. LeCompte and Jean J. Schensul

Annotation: Provides an overview of steps and procedures in doing ethnographic research; five related books from the same authors and publisher cover the same ground in more detail.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

LeCompte, Margaret, Wendy L. Milroy, and Judith Preissle, eds., The Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992., Margaret LeCompte, Wendy L. Milroy, and Judith Preissle

Annotation: Comprises 18 chapters on forms, methods, issues, and applications of ethnographic inquiry in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lee, Carol D., "A Curriculum that Promotes Civic Ends and Meets Developmental Needs," Phi Delta Kappan, 103(November, 2021), 54-57., Carol D. Lee

Annotation: Argues for a curriculum that promotes democratic engagement of tits citizens who learn disciplinary content and acquire intellectual dispositions through responsible pedagogy and learning behaviors; relates to the National Academy of Education's 2021 "Educating for Civic Reasoning and Discourse."

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry - Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Ciitzentship Education, Democratic Education

 

Lee, Diane, "Everyday Problem Solving: Implications for Education," pp. 251-265 in Jan D. Sinnott, ed., Everyday Problem Solving: Theory and Applications. New York: Praeger, 1989., Diane Lee

Annotation: Describes in a phemomenological mode three teachers' experience of classroom problem-solving activities.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Teaching/Learning Process

 

Lee, Diane, "To Be in a World of Wicked Problems" , "Caring as Being," pp. 116-128; pp. 179-184 in Louise M. Berman, et. al. , Toward Curriculum for Being: Voice of Educators. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1991.*, Diane Lee

Annotation: Gives voice to author's own experience as a professor in dialogue with colleagues.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Professors, Curriculum as Experience

 

Lee, Diane, and Louise M. Berman, "Ill-Structured Problems: Reconsidering Teenage Sexuality," pp. 284 -300 in James T. Sears, ed., Sexuality and the Curriculum . New York: Teachers College Press, 1992.*, Diane Lee and Louise M. Berman

Annotation: Draws together a curriculum proposal for teaching sexuality issues to teen-agers.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Ethical Issues in Curriculum

 

Lee, Diane M., "Relativistic Operations: A Framework for Conceptualizing Teachers' Everyday Problem Solving," pp. 73-86 in Jan D. Sinnott and John C. Cavanaugh, Bridging Paradigms: Positive Development in Adulthood and Cognitive Aging. New York: Praeger, 1989.*, Diane M. Lee

Annotation: Describes teachers' use of all-structured problems within J. D. Sinnott's concept of "relativistic operations".

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Teaching/Learning Process

 

Leeper, Robert R., ed., What are the Sources of the Curriculum? A Symposium. Washington, DC: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1962., Robert R. Leeper

Annotation: Contains a series of essays on various conceptions of the sources of the curriculum (by Foshay, Wilhelms, Alberty, van Til, L. Hanna, Herrick, and Mackenzie).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Classics of Curriculum Literature

 

Lee, Reginald S., Kathryn M. Borman, and William Tyson, "Florida's A+ Plan: Education Reform Policies and Student Outcomes," pp. 241-279 in Kathryn M. Borman and Sherman Dorn, eds., Educational Reform in Florida: Diversity and Equity in Public Policy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2007., Reginald S. Lee, Kathryn M. Borman, and William Tyson

Annotation: Reports and analyzes student outcomes data in Florida under Governor Bush's A+ Plan for the first years of implementation; poverty and race (among 20 variables) highly correlates with poor results.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry, Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Student Assessment

 

Lee, Yu-Ling, "Lingering on Aoki's Bridge: Reconceptualizing Ted Aoki as Curricular Techno-Theologian," JCT: Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 31(No. 3, 2017), 18-30., Yu-Ling Lee

Annotation: Points out how Aoki's stance falls between the technological/instrumentalist mindset and that of the theologian in his conception of curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Professors, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses

 

Lehming, Rolf, and Michael Kane, eds., Improving Schools: Using What We Know. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1981., Rolf Lehming and Michael Kane

Annotation: Describes the use of research knowledge to improve schools.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization

 

Leithwood, Kenneth A., "Curriculum Diffusion," pp. 1181-1183 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Pergamon, 1984., Kenneth A. Leithwood

Annotation: Defines curriculum diffusion and briefly cites research and criticism on the topic.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Linkage

 

Leithwood, Kenneth A., "Managing the Implementation of Curriculum Innovations," Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 2(March, 1981), 341-360., Kenneth A. Leithwood

Annotation: Gives a summary of work done on managing the implementation of curriculum innovations.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation

 

Leithwood, Kenneth A., "The Dimensions of Curriculum Innovation," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 13(January-March, 1981), 25-36.*, Kenneth A. Leithwood

Annotation: Identifies and relates several dimensions of curriculum innovation into a model.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change,Curriculum Conceptions and Theories,Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation

 

Leithwood, Kenneth A., "What is Appropriate Curriculum Research?" Curriculum Perspectives, 2(October, 1981), 17-22., Kenneth A. Leithwood

Annotation: Posits a matrix of criteria for identifying problems for curriculum research involving both description and action.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Leithwood, Kenneth, Teresa Menzies, and Doris Jantzi, "Earning Teachers' Commitment to Curriculum Reform," Peabody Journal of Education, 69(Summer, 1994), 38-61., Kenneth Leithwood, Teresa Menzies, and Doris Jantzi

Annotation: Reviews literature on teacher commitment and suggests a strategy for building teachers' commitment to curriculum change.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies

 

Lemesianow, Christine A., and Jamie Grinberg, "Criticality in Education Research." pp. 211-233 in Kenneth Tobin and Joe L. Kincheloe, eds., Doing Educational Research: A Handbook. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2006., Christine A. Lemesianow and Jamie Grinberg

Annotation: Analyzes processes involved in doing critical inquiry in education and discusses an example of a previously published study using this approach.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Le Metais, Joanna, "International Trends in Curriculum Frameworks," The Educational Forum, 67(Sping, 2003), 235-247., Metais Joanna Le

Annotation: Reports results and draws implications from a study of curriculum policy frameworks in 18 countries conducted by the National Foundation for Educational Research (England).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Survey
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, American/International Curriculum Organizations, Curriculum Frameworks

 

Leming, James S., "The Influence of Contemporary Issues Curricula on School-Aged Youth," pp. 111-161 in. Gerald Grant, ed., Review of Research in Education, 18: 1992. Washington, D.C.: American Educational Research Association, 1992., James S. Leming

Annotation: Reviews research on curricula on sex education, drug education, suicide prevention, death education, social prejuidice, sex role stereotypes, global education, environmental education, and peace education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Values in the Classroom

 

Leonard, J. Paul, "The Revisionist Historians and Educational Theory," pp. 31-33 in Laurel N. Tanner, ed., Papers of the Society for the Study of Curriculum History . University Park, PA: The Society, College of Education, Penn State University, 1981., J. Paul Leonard

Annotation: Points out some limitations of revisionist historians' views of educational theory.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Leonard, J. Timothy, "Mystery and Myth: Curriculum as the Illumination of Lived Experience," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 5(Winter, 1983), 17-25., J. Timothy Leonard

Annotation: Makes the case for connecting curriculum theory to lived experience; discusses practical implications for curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience

 

Leonardo, Zeus, Ideology, Discourse, and School Reform. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003., Zeus Leonardo

Annotation: Reports a study of teachers' discourse illuminating their ideologies (necessary, negative, and positive) undertaken from a critical ideological research perspective.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Discourse Analysis, Middle School Curriculum, Teacher Planning, Teacher Knowledge, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Lerner, Michael, "The Spiritual Transformation of Education," pp. 233-272 in Michael Lerner, Spirit Matters. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing, 2002.*, Michael Lerner

Annotation: Presents a proposal to combat current values inherent in public school curricula with spritual values; proposes core streams on world of work, miracle of the body, meaning of life, cooperation and community, birth and death, plus some basics.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Les, Tomasz, "The Role of Philosophical Analysis in Educatronal Research" Educatiomal Philosophy and Theory, 53(2, 2021), 140-150., Tomasz Les

Annotation: Indicates how this method is used to elucidate descriptive concepts and their relationships in any form of research; also in the analysis of assumptions, systems, and values behind these concepts; it is ultmately critical in its purpose; its limitations are also discuessed.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry - Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Comparisons Among Inquiry Modes, Knowledge Generation

 

Levin, Ben, "Curriculum Policy and the Politics of What Should Be Learned in Schools," pp. 7-24 in F. Michael Connelly, Ming Fang He, and JoAnn Phillion, eds., The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008., Ben Levin

Annotation: Lays out the practical aspects of the processes by which governments determine curriculum policies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Curriculum Deliberation

 

Levin, Ben, More High School Graduates: How Schools Can Save Students from Dropping Out. Thousand Oakes, CA: Corwin Press, 2012., Ben Levin

Annotation: Gives four primary practical strategies to be undertaken by high schools to keep students from dropping out; gives guidelines for implementing such practices and many examples being used in real school situations.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Secondary School Curriculum

 

Levin, Benjamin, Reforming Education: From Origins to Outcomes. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2001., Benjamin Levin

Annotation: Reports a policy study in 5 settings (England, New Zealand, Alberta, Manitoba, Minnesota)that analyzes policy origins, adoption, implementation, and outcomes.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Curriculum Implementation, Freedom/Authority and Curriculum, Comparative Curriculum

 

Levin, Benjamin, "The Educational Requirement for Democracy," Curriculum Inquiry, 28(Spring, 1998), 57-79., Benjamin Levin

Annotation: Explores the provision of democractic ideals in the curriculum through democratic experiences for students.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Democratic Education, Curriculum as Experience

 

Levin, Benjamin R. "The Grade Three Assessment: Even Doing What People Want Can Be Hard," pp. 84-100 in his Governing Education. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005., Benjamin R. Levin

Annotation: Gives the author's experience as a top Department of Educational official in dealing with grade three assessment policy proposals and implementation in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, from 1999-2002.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics

 

Levine, Donald N., "Goals for the Liberal Curriculum I: Powers of Prehension," pp. 190-203; and "II: Powers of Expression," pp. 204-219 in his Powers of the Mind: The Reinvention of Liberal Learning in America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006., Donald N. Levine

Annotation: Sets forth eight powers of the mind as a proposed structure for liberal curriculum in higher education; includes four powers of prehension (audiovisual, kinesthetic, understanding verbal texts, understanding natural and cultural worlds) and four powers of expression (reflexive self, inventing statements-problems-actions, integrating knowledge, and communication).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Liberal Education/General Education, Higher Education Curriculum

 

Levine, Donald N., "Joseph Schwab's Assault on Facile Teaching," pp. 114-145 in his Powers of the Mind: The Reinvention of Liberal Learning in America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006., Donald N. Levine

Annotation: Traces the intellectual contributions of Joseph J. Schwab at the University of Chicago and in the broader field of education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors, Liberal Education/General Education

 

Levine, Harold G., "Principles of Data Storage and Retrieval for Use in Qualitative Evaluations," Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 7(Summer, 1985), 169-186.*, Harold G. Levine

Annotation: Describes procedures for data formatting, cross-referral, indexing, abstracting, and pagination for use in qualitative evaluation studies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research

 

Levin, L., and I. Lind, eds., Interdisciplinary Revisited: Re-assessing the Concept in the Light Of Institutional Experience. Stockholm: OECD/CERI, Swedish National Board of Universities and Colleges, Lisiskoping University, 1985., L. Levin and I. Lind

Annotation: Examines interdisciplinarity as a mode of curriculum organization.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines

 

Levinson, Meira, No Citizen Left Behind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012., Meira Levinson

Annotation: Describes classroom practices that enhance citizenship education; provides a vision for returning civic action to a central role in social studies education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Citizenship Education

 

Levit, Martin , ed., Curriculum . Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1971., Martin Levit

Annotation: Contains 27 essays in three sections: aims, the disciplines, and curriculum as a field of study.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Development, Organization, Design,Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and the Disciplines, Curriculum Aims and Objectives

 

Lewis, Arthur J., and Alice Miel, "A Designing Process for Improved Curriculum and Instruction," pp. 139-163 in Arthuur J. Lewis and Alice Miel, Supervision for improved Instruction: New Challenges, New Responses. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth , 1972., Arthur J. Lewis and Alice Miel

Annotation: Summarizes the current status of experts' thinking on curriculum designing; points out strengths and weaknesses of this approach; offers some new directions.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies

 

Lewis, Theodore, "Vocational Education as General Education," Curriculum Inquiry, 28(Fall, 1998), 283-309., Theodore Lewis

Annotation: Argues that vocational education should be an integral part of general education; dialogue follows in two articles in same issue by Apple and Lewis.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Vocational vs. Liberal Education, Liberal Education/General Education

 

Lewy, Arieh, "Curriculum Differences across Countries," pp. 260-263 in Marvin C. Alkin, ed., Encyclopedia of Educational Research, 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1992.*, Arieh Lewy

Annotation: Mentions some work done on comparisons across countries of the intended curriculum (aims, schedules, materials), the implemented curriculum, and the attained curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum

 

Lewy, Arieh, "Curriculum Tryout," pp. 1272-1274 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Pergamon, 1984., Arieh Lewy

Annotation: Describes laboratory, pilot, and field tryout phases and related procedures.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Materials Development and Evaluation

 

Lewy, Arieh, "Theory and Practice in Curriculum Evaluation: The Lack of Balance Between Two Types of Studies," Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1(Spring, 1975), 1-4., Arieh Lewy

Annotation: Distinguishes between studies presenting evaluative theory and those describing empirical evaluations.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation,Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lewy, Arieh, and Miriam Ben-Peretz, "Curriculum-Specific Evaluation Criteria," pp. 1359-1366 in Torsten Husen and Thomas N. Postlethwaite, eds., The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed. New York: Pergamon, 1994.*, Arieh Lewy and Miriam Ben-Peretz

Annotation: Reviews criteria for curriculum evaluation (balance, relevance, potential).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry, Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Potential, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Lieberman, Ann, "The Meaning of Scholary Activity and the Building of Community," Educational Researcher, 21(August-September, 1992), 5-12.*, Ann Lieberman

Annotation: Discusses ways to connect research and practice in education and gives examples of work being done collaboratively.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Designing a Naturalistic Inquiry," pp. 221-249 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*, Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba

Annotation: Defines 10 elements to be confronted in designing a naturalistic inquiry.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*, Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba

Annotation: Reviews the assumptions and criticisms associated with the positivist paradigm of inquiry and sets forth the axioms of the postpositivist naturalistic paradigm.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon G. Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985., Yvonna Lincoln and Egon G. Guba

Annotation: Provides a comprehensive treatment of various aspects of conducting studies using naturalistic inquiry approaches.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lincoln, Yvonna S., "Curriculum Studies and the Traditions of Inquiry: The Humanistic Tradition," pp. 79-97 in Philip W. Jackson, ed., Handbook of Research on Curriculum. New York: Macmillan, 1992., Yvonna S. Lincoln

Annotation: Reviews historical (traditional, reconceptualist), political, aesthetic, critical, phenomenologist, and feminist traditions of curriculum inquiry.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism, Phenomenological Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Comparisons Among Inquiry Modes

 

Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egan G. Egon, "Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences," pp. 163-188 in Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln , eds., The Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000., Yvonna S. Lincoln and Egan G. Egon

Annotation: Presents five paradigms of qualitative research (postivism, postpositivism, critical theory, constructivism, participatory) with basic beliefs in each, and analyzes positions each of them take on thirteen issues (e. g., criteria of quality, control, voice).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Lindblom, Charles E., "Who Needs What Social Research for Policy-Making?" Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 7(June, 1986), 345-366., Charles E. Lindblom

Annotation: Discusses four principles of policy research aimed at meeting critical needs of citizens and others.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Decision-making Processes,Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization

 

Lindblom, Charles E., and David K. Cohen, Usable Knowledge: Social Science and Social Problem Solving . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979., Charles E. Lindblom and David K. Cohen

Annotation: Addresses the use of social science knowledge to solve social problems.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization

 

Lindsay, Jean S., "Classroom Discourse Analysis: A Review of the Literature with Implications for Educational Evaluation," Journal of Research and Development in Education , 23(Winter 1990), 107-116. *, Jean S. Lindsay

Annotation: Describes methods of discourse analysis, gives reviews of studies using them, and draws implications for teacher evaluation.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Content Analysis
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Classroom Observation & Research, Knowledge Generation, Teacher Evaluation, Discourse Analysis

 

Lindsey, Duncan, The Scientific Publication System in Social Science . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1978., Duncan Lindsey

Annotation: Gives an overview of social science publication processes.

Broad Topical Focus: Publication Outlets for Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic:

 

Lin, Jing, Rebecca L. Oxford, and Tom Culham, eds., Toward a Spiritual Research Paradigm: Exploring New Ways of Knowing, Researching, and Being. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2016., Jing Lin, Rebecca L. Oxford, and Tom Culham

Annotation: Contains eleven articles describing various forms and practices of spiritual inquiry; draws on both eastern and western sources; offers examples of studies using a spiritual research paradigm; the introduction provides helpful definitions and characteristics of research of this type.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriulum Inquriy Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Religious & Private Schooling, Curriculum as Experience, Qualitative Research, Self Knowledge

 

Linn, Dane, "The Role of Governors," pp. 35-53 in Frederick M. Hess and Michael Q McShane, eds., Common Core Meets Education Reform: What It All Means for Politics, Policy, and the Future of Schooling. New York: Teachers College Press, 2014., Dane Linn

Annotation: Explains the derivation of the Common Core State Standards published in 2010 by its developers (National Governors Association, Council of State School Officers, and others); clarifies who was involved and what procedures were followed; gives status of implementation as of 2013; identifies the difficulties that lie ahead in that process; other issues are described in related chapters written mostly by authors representing the American Enterprise Institute.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing

 

Linn, Robert L., "Educational Accountability Systems," pp. 3-24 in Katherine E. Ryan and Lorrie A. Shepard, eds., The Future of Test-Based Educational Accountability. New York: Routledge, 2008., Robert L. Linn

Annotation: Reviews various types of assessments used in accountability systems in NCLB and other test-based approaches.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Program Audit/Evaluation

 

Linn, Robert L., "Methodological Issues in Achieving School Accountability," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 40(December, 2008). 699-711., Robert L. Linn

Annotation: Analyzes differences between state and NCLB accountability systems that can account for schools meeting targets in the first instance but not in the second instance or vise versa; explores methodological issues between these accountability systems.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Standards and Testing, Program Audit/Evaluation

 

Lipka, Richard P., John H. Lounsbury, Conrad F. Toepfer, Jr., Gordon F. Vars, Samuel P. Allessi, Jr., and Craig Kridel, The Eight-Year Study Revisited: Lessons from the Past for the Present. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association, 1998., Richard P. Lipka, John H. Lounsbury, Conrad F. Toepfer Jr., Gordon F. Vars, Samuel P. Allessi Jr., and Craig Kridel

Annotation: Provides excerpts from and commentary on the 5-volume Report of the Eight-Year Study published in 1942; draws lessons for today's schools with special attention to implications for middle school education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Classics of Curriculum Literature, Middle School Curriculum

 

Liston, Daniel P., "Have We Explained the Relationship Between Curriculum and Capitalism? An Analysis of the Selective Tradition," Educational Theory, 34 (Summer, 1984), 241-253., Daniel P. Liston

Annotation: Analyzes the relation between mechanisms of exclusion in curriculum and the assumptions of captialism (with examples).

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge

 

Liston, Daniel P., "On Facts and Values: An Analysis of Radical Curriculum Studies," Educational Theory, 36(Spring, 1986), 137-152., Daniel P. Liston

Annotation: Discusses the use of radical and critical approaches to curriculum studies with respect to prescriptive and explanatory analyses.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Littleford, Michael, "Vico and Curriculum Studies," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 1(Summer, 1979), 54-64., Michael Littleford

Annotation: Draws on Giambattista Vico's notion of the unity of knowledge in human studies for its implications for curriculum studies.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Philosophical Schools

 

Littleford, Michael S., "Self Reflection, Social Action, and Curriculum Theory: Part Two," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 3(Winter, 1981), 211-221., Michael S. Littleford

Annotation: Gives a cultural psychoanalytic view on curriculum as experience.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience, Self-Knowledge

 

Little, Judith Warren, and Susan M. Threatt, "Work on the Margins: Compromises of Purpose and Content in Secondary Schools," Curriculum Inquiry, 24(Fall,1994), 269-292., Judith Warren Little and Susan M. Threatt

Annotation: Shows how vocational education in five California comprehensive high schools is compromised in purpose and content.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Aims and Objectives, Vocational vs. Liberal Education, Secondary School Curriculum, Content Selection and Organization

 

Livingston, Grace, "Beyond Watching over Established Ways: A Review as Recasting the Literature, Recasting the Lived," Review of Educational Research, 69(Spring, 1999), 9-19., Grace Livingston

Annotation: Speaks of reviewing as using the metaphor of recasting of knowledge and practice rather than of stocktaking or stockpiling.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Llewellyn, Marilyn, "Embracing a Language of Spiritual Inquiry," pp. 97-109 in Noreen B. Garman and Maria Piantanida, eds., The Authority to Imagine: The Struggle toward Representation in Dissertation Writing. New York: Peter Lang, 2006., Marilyn Llewellyn

Annotation: Expresses ways to engage spiritual language in the study of classroom relationships.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Teacher Knowledge, Values in the Classroom, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Llorens, Mary Beth, "Action Research: Are Teachers Finding their Voice?" The Elementary School Journal, 95(September, 1994), 3-10., Mary Beth Llorens

Annotation: Discusses the lack of teachers' voices in action research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Teacher Research

 

Lockwood, Alan L., The Case for Character Education: A Developmental Approach. New York: Teachers College Press, 2009., Alan L. Lockwood

Annotation: Critiques various forms of contemporary character education programs being used in schools and responds systematically to these criticisms; formulates a theory of developmental character education that overcomes these criticisms; gives practical examples of content and instructional practices for implementing this new theory.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Character Education, Values in the Classroom, Content Selection and Organization

 

Lockwood, Anne Turnbaugh, Conversations with Educational Leaders: Contemporary Viewpoints on Education in America. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1997., Anne Turnbaugh Lockwood

Annotation: Reports interviews with 24 leaders in education on their views of violence, values, youth culture, multiculturalism, enrichment, multiple intelligences, professionalism, leadership, and reform in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Education as a Field of Study

 

Lofaso, Anne Marie, "Curriculum Issues," pp. 61-80 in Anne Marie Lofaso, Religion in the Public Schools: A Road Map for Avoiding Lawsuits and Respecting Parents' Legal Rights. Washington, DC: Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 2009., Anne Marie Lofaso

Annotation: Sets forth guidelines based on decisions of the courts regarding constitutionality of curriculum related religious issues such as library books, opting out of content/materials, evolution, and intelligent design; other church/state/school issues are addressed in other sections of the book.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Deliberative Inquiry, Historical Inquiry, Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation, Curriculum History, Content Selection and Organization

 

London, Norrel A., "Socio-Politics in Effective Curriculum Change in a Less Developed Country: Trinidad and Tobago," Curriculum Inquiry , 27 (Spring, 1997), 63-80., Norrel A. London

Annotation: Tells the story of a curriculum change process conducted in Trinidad and Tobago.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Comparative Curriculum

 

Longstreet, Wilma S., "Action Research: A Paradigm," The Educational Forum, 46(Winter, 1982), 135-158.*, Wilma S. Longstreet

Annotation: Contrasts the scientific, the humanistic, and the action-research paradigms, and discusses the uses and methods of action research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Comparisons Among Inquiry Modes

 

Lopes, Alice Casimiro, and Elizabeth Macedo, "An Analysis of Disciplinarity on the Organization of School Knowledge," pp. 169-185 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Alice Casimiro Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo

Annotation: Reviews various approaches to organizing the content of the curriculum (separate subjects/interdisciplinary); makes the distinction between subjects reflecting the disciplines of knowledge and those organized as school subjects that integrate content from multiple disciplines; illustrates this difference with the example of school science in Brazilian curriculum.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and the Disciplines, School Subjects, Science, Comparative Curriculum

 

Lopes, Alice Casimiro, and Elizabeth Macedo,, "An Analysis of Disciplinarity on the Organization of School Knowledge," pp. 169-185 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Alice Casimiro Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo

Annotation: Discusses the difference between the organization of curriculum into school subjects and by discipline; shows the difficulty of integrating disciplinary knowledge; illustrates these issues in science in Brazil.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: School Subjects, Curriculum Integration

 

Loucks, Susan F., "Curriculum Adoption," pp. 1138-1139 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education . New York: Pergamon, 1984., Susan F. Loucks

Annotation: Discusses curriculum adoption as a phase of curriculum decision-making.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Curriculum Implementation

 

Louis, Karen Seashore, "Knowledge Producers and Policymakers: Kissing Kin or Squabbling Siblings?" pp. 219-238 in Nina Bascia, Alister Cumming, Amanda Datgrow, Kenneth Leithwood, and David Livingstone, eds., International Handbook of Educational Policy, Part One. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005., Karen Seashore Louis

Annotation: Discusses issues arising between researchers and policymakers regarding knowledge use.

Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Knowledge Utilization

 

Lovat, T. J., "Curriculum Theory: The Oft-Missing Link," Journal of Education for Teaching, 14(March, 1988), 205-213., T. J. Lovat

Annotation: Surveys the role of curriculum theory in teaching.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses

 

Love, John M., "Knowledge Transfer and Utilization in Education," pp. 337-386 in Edmund W. Gordon, ed., Review of Research in Education, 12,1985. Washington, DC: AERA, 1985., John M. Love

Annotation: Reviews conceptions of knowledge, transfer, and utilization; identifies several models of the overall process and several factors affecting it; discusses research on the problem; gives two case studies of knowledge utilization.

Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization, Knowledge Linkage

 

Lubeck, Sally, "Roads to School," Theory into Practice , 27(Winter 1, 1988), 11-18.*, Sally Lubeck

Annotation: Applies ethnographic methods to the study of children's play cultures.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Classroom Observation & Research, Early Childhood Curriculum

 

Luckmann, Thomas, "Common Sense, Science, and the Specialization of Knowledge," Phenomenology + Pedagogy , 1(No. 1, 1983), 59-73., Thomas Luckmann

Annotation: Shows the consequence of curricular specialization of knowledge.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis, Scientific/Empirical Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Ideology and School Knowledge

 

Luke, Allan, "Generalizing Across Borders: Policy and the Limits of Educational Science," Educational Researcher, 40(November, 2011), 367-377., Allan Luke

Annotation: Explores the issue of transferring educational policies from one country to another, including into the United States from outside; critiques specific attempts and stresses the centrality that the cultural context plays in such situations.

Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Curriculum and Politics, Curriculum Implementation, Knowledge Utilization, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

Luke, Allan, "Making Dick and Jane: Historical Genesis of the Modern Basal Reader," Teachers College Record, 89(Fall, 1987), 91-116.*, Allan Luke

Annotation: Traces history of basal readers of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Reading, Textbooks, Ideology and School Knowledge

 

Luke, Allan, Annette Woods, and Katie Weir, "Curriculum Design, Equity and the Technical Form of the Curriculum," pp 6-39 in Allan Luke, Annette Woods, and Katie Weir, eds., Curriculum, Syllabus Design, and Equity: A Primer and Model. New York: Routledge, 2013., Allan Luke, Annette Woods, and Katie Weir

Annotation: Defines official curriculum documents, the place of school subjects in them, and equitable schooling; discusses curriculum standardization/testing and the technical form of curriculum documents.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Materials Development and Evaluation, Curriculum Standards and Testing, Curriculum Frameworks

 

Lundgren, Ulf P., "Educational Process Analysis- A Contribution of Methods for Curriculum Theory and Curriculum Planning," Classroom Interaction Newsletter, 7(May, 1972), 58-69., Ulf P. Lundgren

Annotation: Describes methods of analyzing educational processes related to curriculum and curriculum planning.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry, Development as Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Teacher Planning

 

Lundgren, Ulf P., "Political Governing and Curriculum Change--From Active to Reactive Curriculum Reforms," pp. 109-122 in Eero Ropo and Tero Autio, eds., International Conversations on Curriculum Studies: Subject, Society, and Curriculum. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2009., Ulf P. Lundgren

Annotation: Recaps the history of theories governing curriculum change in Europe and the United States; contrasts decentralization and privatization of curriculum decision-making, as well as governing by goals or outcomes, in relation to the changing culture of globalization; draws implications for practice and research.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Local Control of Schooling, Organization Theory, Government Role in Educational Research & Development, Comparative Curriculum

 

Lundgren, Ulf P. and M. A. Colliander, "Curriculum Pacing," pp. 1233-1235 in T. Husen and T. N. Postlethwaite, eds., International Encyclopedia of Education . New York: Pergamon, 1984., Ulf P. Lundgren and M. A. Colliander

Annotation: Discusses the notion of pacing and time factors in curriculum construction and implementation.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Teaching/Learning Process

 

Lundgren, Ulf P., and Sten Pettersson, eds., Code, Content, and Curriculum Processes . Stockholm: C. W. K. Gleenup, 1979., Ulf P. Lundgren and Sten Pettersson

Annotation: Reports Swedish studies of curriculum processes based on categories derived from Bernstein.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum

 

Lusi, Susan Follett, "Systemic School Reform: The Challenge Faced by State Departments of Education," pp. 109-130 in Richard F. Elmore and Susan H. Fuhrman, eds., The Governance of Curriculum. 1994 ASCD Yearbook. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1994., Susan Follett Lusi

Annotation: Outlines changes in external and internal relationships of state departments of education that affect systemic school reform.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Government Role in Educational Research & Development

 

Lutz, Frank W., and Lawrence Iannaccone, Understanding Educational Organizations: A Field Study Approach . Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill, 1969., Frank W. Lutz and Lawrence Iannaccone

Annotation: Describes field study methods of studying educational organizations.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Organization Theory

 

Lutz, Frank W., and Margaret A. Ramsey, "The Use of Anthropological Field Methods In Education," Educational Researcher, 3(November, 1974), 5-9.*, Frank W. Lutz and Margaret A. Ramsey

Annotation: Describes briefly procedures for using anthropological field methods of research in education.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation

 

Lydon, Angela T., "An Ecozoic Cosmology of Curriculum and Spirituality," JCT: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Curriculum Studies, 11(No. 2, 1995), 67-86., Angela T. Lydon

Annotation: Poses a new cosmology of curriculum based on community and ecology of nature and spirituality.

Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum

 

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