Citations from 1985
Kickbusch, Kenneth W., and Robert B. Everhart, "Curriculum, Practical Ideology, and Class Contradiction," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Fall, 1985), 281-317., Kenneth W. Kickbusch and Robert B. Everhart
Annotation: Reports a study of students' knowledge and ideologies in traditional and in humanistic schools.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Ideology and School Knowledge
Clandinin, D. Jean, "Personal Practical Knowledge: A Study of Teachers' Classroom Images," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Winter, 1985), 361-385., D. Jean Clandinin
Annotation: Reports a study of teachers' personal practical knowledge in the classroom and the images used to characterize the classroom.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry, Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Knowledge, Practical Knowledge, Teaching/Learning Process
Fuller, Bruce, Margaret M. Noel, and David B. Malouf, "Polity and Competence: Can the State Change Teachers' Skills?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 7(Winter, 1985), 343-353.*, Bruce Fuller, Margaret M. Noel, and David B. Malouf
Annotation: Discusses the state as regulator and as illustrator and reports a staff development study with special education teachers.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Exceptional Education
Rudduck, Jean, and David Hopkins, eds., Research as a Basis for Teaching: Readings from the Work of Lawrence Stenhouse . Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books, 1985., Jean Rudduck and David Hopkins
Annotation: Collects excerpts from the writings of Stenhouse on curriculum research and the teacher.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Teacher Research, Conceptions of Teaching
Annotation: Argues that the arts contribute to acquiring knowledge, not just science and mathematics, not just through intellectual analysis but also through intuitive perception.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Psychology and Curriculum, Art Education, Curriculum and the Disciplines, Humanities, Content Selection and Organization
Tripp, David H., "Case Study Generalization: An Agenda for Action," British Educational Research Journal, 11(No. 1, 1985), 33-43., David H. Tripp
Annotation: Puts forth an agenda for action regarding the uses of case study results.
Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Janesick, Valerie J., "Ethnographic Research in Education: A Case Study on the Fillmore Arts Center," Educational Horizons, 63(Summer, 1985), 142-146., Valerie J. Janesick
Annotation: Reports an ethnographic study of an arts program.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Case Study
Narrow Topic: Art Education
McRader, Kathyrn, A. Coles, Donald E. Allison, and Roland F. Gray, "Implementing a Centrally Developed Curriculum Guide," Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 31(September, 1985), 191-200., Kathyrn McRader, A. Coles, Donald E. Allison, and Roland F. Gray
Annotation: Reports a study on implementing a British Columbia elementary language arts curriculum guide.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Curriculum Implementation
Carr, Wilfred, "Philosophy, Values, and Educational Science," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(April-June, 1985), 119-132.*, Wilfred Carr
Annotation: Examines the contention that values should be eliminated from educational research and argues that their inclusion does not make research impossible.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Annotation: Explains the theoretic basis of pedagogical tactfulness, introduces phenomenological research, and illustrates inquiry in this mode; followed by a response to this article.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Moustakas, Clark. Heuristic Research: Design, Methodology, and Appplications. Los Angeles: Sage, 1990., Clark Moustakas
Annotation: Describes and gives procedures for doing heuristic research.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field Other Than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generartion
Annotation: Identifies and explains four types of theory (explanatory, doctrines, applied, practice) and analyzes the requirements of communication for expressing and guiding curriculum practice.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice, Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Knowledge Utilization
Annotation: Traces early 20th century reforms and their critics.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Change,Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Buchmann, Margret, "Improving Education by Talking: Argument or Conversation?" Teachers College Record, 86(Spring, 1985), 441-453., Margret Buchmann
Annotation: Points out how change can be achieved through argument and how action can employ knowledge through conversation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization, Curriculum Deliberation
Annotation: Conceptualizes a model for curriculum development and evaluation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Lawler, Edward E. III, et al, Doing Research That is Useful for Theory and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985., Edward E. Lawler III
Annotation: Describes practice-oriented inquiry focused largely on organizational research in social science.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Practical Knowledge, Organization Theory
Johnston, Bill, "Organizational Structure and Ideology in Schooling," Educational Theory, 35(Fall, 1985), 333-343., Bill Johnston
Annotation: Examines the bureaucratic centralist authoritarianism ideology at work in school organization.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge, Organization Theory
Aronowitz, Stanley, and Henry A. Giroux, "Curriculum Theory and the Language of Possibility," pp. 139-162 in Stanley Aronowitz and Henry A. Giroux, Education Under Siege . South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey, 1985.*, Stanley Aronowitz and Henry A. Giroux
Annotation: Advocates linking cultural politics and the language of critique and possibility to curriculum theory.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Status Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge, Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses, Curriculum and Politics
Annotation: Asserts that laws are not the way to get educational change.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Deliberative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation, Local Control of Schooling
Annotation: Presents several distinct kinds of inquiry within teacher education.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design,Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form,Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry,Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Teacher Education
Donmoyer, Robert, "The Rescue from Relativism: Two Failed Attempts and an Alternative Strategy," Educational Researcher, 14(December, 1985), 13-20. *, Robert Donmoyer
Annotation: Challenges aspects of positivist paradigms and discusses a form of rationality based on Toulman that can embrace "purpose" within inquiry.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Philosophical Schools
Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Designing a Naturalistic Inquiry," pp. 221-249 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*, Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba
Annotation: Defines 10 elements to be confronted in designing a naturalistic inquiry.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Cherryholmes, Cleo H., "Theory and Practice: On the Role of Empirically Based Theory for Critical Practice," American Journal of Education, 94(November, 1985), 39-70.*, Cleo H. Cherryholmes
Annotation: Addresses the uses of theory and of practice in the literature of educational research, especially in relation to critical inquiry.
Broad Topical Focus: Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice,Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge, Practical Knowledge, Curriculum and Politics
Whitty, Geoff, Sociology and School Knowledge: Curriculum Theory, Research, and Politics . London: Methuen, 1985., Geoff Whitty
Annotation: Explores the political and social issues in curriculum from the perspective of critical sociology of knowledge.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Contrasts two modes of thought by various constituent elements.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry, Narrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Content Selection and Organization, Knowledge Generation
Green, Thomas F., "The Formation of Conscience in an Age of Technology," American Journal of Education, 94(November, 1985), 1-32., Thomas F. Green
Annotation: Elucidates conscience as craft, membership, sacrifice, memory, imagination.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Normative Inquiry,Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization
Knitter, William, "Curriculum Deliberation: Pluralism and the Practical," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(October-December, 1985), 383-395.*, William Knitter
Annotation: Analyzes the types of problems for which deliberation is appropriate.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories,Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Maling, Jillian, and Bruce Keepes, "Educational Research and Evaluation," pp. 265-285 in Elliot W. Eisner, ed., Learning and Teaching the Ways of Knowing, 84th Yearbook of the NSSE, Part II. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985., Jillian Maling and Bruce Keepes
Annotation: Gives some criticisms of the dominant paradigm and notes some recent developments in its use; describes the alternative qualitative paradigm; urges training in these approaches.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Huebner, Dwayne, "Religious Metaphors in the Language of Education," Religious Education, 80(Summer, 1985), 460-472.*, Dwayne Huebner
Annotation: Presents alternative metaphors for education (love, stranger, community),
Broad Topical Focus: Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research,Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Religious Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Frameworks
Annotation: Discusses the history of women teachers in the U. S. and England.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching,Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry,Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Comparative Curriculum, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum History
Annotation: Describes four existing systems of curriculum thought and poses a fifith--the ways of knowing--within which curriculum decisions can be oriented.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Deliberation, Curriculum and the Disciplines, Practical Knowledge
Goodson, Ivor F., ed., Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum: Subjects for Study . London: Falmer, 1985., Ivor F. Goodson
Annotation: Presents studies of the histories of several secondary subjects.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: School Subjects, Secondary School Curriculum, Curriculum History, Comparative Curriculum
Giroux, Henry A., "Critical Pedagogy and the Resisting Intellectual, Part II," Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 3(No. 2, 1985), 84-97., Henry A. Giroux
Annotation: Continues his two-part article from Vol. 3 No. l on the intellectual role of the teacher; discusses four types of intellectuals: resisting, critical, accommodating, and hegemonic.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Hidden Curriculum, Authority of Teacher
Annotation: Posits components of a literature review (focus, goals, prespective, coverage, organization, audience) and uses them to analyze examples; suggests other uses for the taxonomy.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Knowledge Utilization
Beyer, Landon E., "Political Notes and Notices," Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 2(Summer, 1985), 150-161.*, Landon E. Beyer
Annotation: Offers an argument for political activity by educators with several examples.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Conceptions and Theories, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum and Politics, Professionalization in Curriculum, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Grumet, Madeleine R., "The Work of James B. Macdonald: Theory Fierce with Reality," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 6(Fall, 1985), 19-27., Madeleine R. Grumet
Annotation: Presents highlights and significance of the work of Macdonald.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Reports a study of inquiry problems, methods, and solutions found in articles in five curiculum journals for 1981.
Broad Topical Focus: Publication Outlets for Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Content Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Literature of Curriculum, Knowledge Generation
Buchmann, Margret, "What is Irrational About Knowledge Utilization," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Summer, 1985), 153-168., Margret Buchmann
Annotation: Examines the concept of knowledge utilization and a number of related issues.
Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon G. Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985., Yvonna Lincoln and Egon G. Guba
Annotation: Provides a comprehensive treatment of various aspects of conducting studies using naturalistic inquiry approaches.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Sawand, Daiyo and Michael T. Caley, "Dissipative Structures: New Metaphors for Becoming in Education," Educational Researcher, 14(March, 1985), 13-19., Daiyo Sawand and Michael T. Caley
Annotation: Suggests the applicability of the metaphor of turbulance (destabilization and self-reorganization) to educational processes.
Broad Topical Focus: Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Rosales-Dordelly, Carmen L., and Edmund C. Short, Curriculum Professors' Specialized Knowledge . Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985., Carmen L. Rosales-Dordelly and Edmund C. Short
Annotation: Reports a study of curriculum knowledge deemed significant by professors of curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Survey
Narrow Topic: Literature of Curriculum, Professionalization in Curriculum, Curriculum Professors
Annotation: Envisions inquiry-based teacher education curricula.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form, Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Teacher Education
Kennedy, Kerry J., and Nitza Shafriri, "Knowledge Utilization and the Process of Curriculum Development: A Report," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17 (January-March, 1985), 103-106., Kerry J. Kennedy and Nitza Shafriri
Annotation: Reports the use of Walker's model in a series of studies of curriculum development.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Guides, Plans, Documents, Materials
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Comparative Curriculum, Knowledge Utilization
Oberg, Antoinette, "Curriculum Study and Professional Practice: How Are They Linked?" Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(April-June, 1985), 207-209., Antoinette Oberg
Annotation: Reports a study of the impact of graduate study on professional practice; lists evaluative questions and data used in the study.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum as a Field of Practice and Study
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Programs of Study in Curriculum and Instruction, Program Audit/Evaluation
Annotation: Reveiws size, topics addressed, impact, and design problems related to policy research done in USA over three decades.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry, Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Implementation, Knowledge Utilization
Annotation: Describes textbook publishing in the U. S.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Textbooks, Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Describes a strategy used by low-achieving students.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism, Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience, Exceptional Education
Annotation: Critiques the dominant paradigm in curriculum research and suggests alternatives.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research and Inquiry-General,Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism,Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Morrison, Keith, "Tension in Subject Specialist Teaching in Primary Schools," Curriculum, 6(Summer, 1985), 24-29., Keith Morrison
Annotation: Analyzes the problem of teaching content specialties in the primary schools in England
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design,Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: School Subjects, Content Selection and Organization, Comparative Curriculum, Elementary School Curriculum
Annotation: Discusses learning, understanding, and doing formal modes of knowing such as mathematics through infomal activities.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines
Klein, M. Frances, "The Master Teacher as Curriculum Leader," The Elementary School Journal, 86(September, 1985), 35-43., M. Frances Klein
Annotation: Describes the roles a master teacher can play in curriculum planning.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Administration, Leadership, Finance
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Specialists in Schools, Professionalization in Curriculum, Programs of Study in Curriculum and Instruction
Annotation: Discusses the tension between teachers work under control ideology and teachers as intellectuals.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Teaching/Learning Process, Teacher Knowledge, Authority of Teacher
Annotation: Sets forth a thorough treatment of the topic.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Annotation: Reviews conceptions of knowledge, transfer, and utilization; identifies several models of the overall process and several factors affecting it; discusses research on the problem; gives two case studies of knowledge utilization.
Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization, Knowledge Linkage
Annotation: Discusses the shift in curriculum development from one perspective (research, development, dissemination) to another (review, evaluate, develop).
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Research Synthesis
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Knowledge Linkage
Annotation: Presents the case for doing case studies and describes the features of case study inquiries.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Hopkins, David, A Teacher's Guide to Classroom Research . Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press, 1985., David A. Hopkins
Annotation: Gives an introduction to action research for teachers.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Classroom Observation & Research
Annotation: Shows how situational analysis undertaken to describe frame factors is necessary for school-level decision-making; gives an example.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Deliberative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation, Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Presents three ways of resolving the mismatch between policy and action with an Austrailian example.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change,Curriculum Decision-making Processes
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Comparative Curriculum
Kirst, Michael W., and Gail R. Meister, "Turbulence in American Secondary Schools: What Reforms Last?" Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Summer, 1985), 169-186., Michael W. Kirst and Gail R. Meister
Annotation: Examines the history of demands for reform and reports four kinds of reforms that last; makes suggestions for improved curriculum policy-making.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Secondary School Curriculum
Annotation: Argues that culture-free intelligence is a contradiction in terms; reviews IQ testing; discusses context-sensitive approaches.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Psychology and Curriculum, Ideology and School Knowledge, Curriculum Standards and Testing
Annotation: Discusses the role of action research in reflective action.
Broad Topical Focus: Critique and Utilization of Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Relation of Curriculum Research to Practice
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Utilization
Annotation: Consists of imaginary dialogue between representatives of three approaches to literary analysis of curriculum; an article follows responding to this article.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Apple, Michael W., "Old Humanists and New Curricula: Politics and Culture in the Paideia Proposal," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Spring, 1985), 93-106., Michael W. Apple
Annotation: Critiques Adler's Paideia Proposal and identifies who it is intended for even though Adler says it is for all students.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Proposals in Coherent Form
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge, Curriculum Differentiation
Roby, Thomas W., "Habits Impeding Deliberation," Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(January-March, 1985), 17-35., Thomas W. Roby
Annotation: Reviews Schwab's conception of deliberation; takes note of three habits impeding deliberation and discusses remedies; poses a revised model of deliberation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes,Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Annotation: Places curriculum theorists Macdonald, Huebner, Greene, and Pinar in relation to the thought of Martin Buber.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum
Burke, Melva M., "The Personal and Professional Journey of James B. Macdonald," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 6(Fall, 1985), 84-119., Melva M. Burke
Annotation: Gives a thorough story of Macdonald's life and professional career.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Curriculum Professors
Annotation: Describes eight ways of knowing and offers six perspectives on their role in curriculum and other areas of educational practices.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines
Sadler, D. Royce, "The Origins and Functions of Evaluative Criteria," Educational Theory, 35(Summer, 1985), 285-297., D. Royce Sadler
Annotation: Analyzes several aspects of the evaluative criteria found in the 1981 Standards by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Evaluation,Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Popkewitz, Thomas S., "Educational Evaluation as a Political Form," pp. 157-182 in his Paradigm and Ideology in Educational Research . London: Falmer Press, 1985., Thomas S. Popkewitz
Annotation: Shows how evaluation can be a rational science or can be transformed to address issues of social, philosophic, and political import.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Miller, Donald F., "Social Policy: An Exercise in Metaphor," Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, and Utilization, 7(December, 1985), 191-215., Donald F. Miller
Annotation: Discusses seven modes of metaphor in the context of a critique of Schon's work on metaphors in social policy formation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Inquiry Language in Curriculum Research
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Theory Creation and Uses
Lasch, Christopher, "'Excellence' in Education: Old Refrain or New Departure?" Issues in Education, 1(Summer, 1985), 1-12., Christopher Lasch
Annotation: Looks at the idea of excellence in historical perspecive.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry, Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Ideology and School Knowledge
Annotation: Gives a practical way of doing content analysis with qualitative research data.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Field other than Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Content Analysis
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Eisner, Elliot W., The Art of Educational Evaluation: A Personal View . London: Falmer, 1985., Elliot W. Eisner
Annotation: Includes 15 previously published articles on the topic.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Brown, L. David, "People-Centered Development and Participatory Research," Harvard Educational Review, 55(February, 1985), 69-75., L. David Brown
Annotation: Makes the case for combining these two approaches and illustrates this with a project in India.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Development as Inquiry, Action Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Development Strategies, Comparative Curriculum, Teacher Research
Huebner, Dwayne, "The Redemption of Schooling: The Work of James B. Macdonald," The Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 6(Fall, 1985), 28-34., Dwayne Huebner
Annotation: Gives a personal glimpse of the intellectual work of Macdonald.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Presents a portayal of a class and its teacher, together with an analysis of the curriculum, classroom management, and the teaching.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Classroom Observation & Research
Annotation: Describes an honors class using educational criticism.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Peterson, Paul E., "The Politics of Curriculum Change," pp. 52-71 in his The Politics of School Reform: 1870-1940 . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985., Paul E. Peterson
Annotation: Traces the conflicts among power groups that influenced foreign language, stratification, manual training, and vocational education.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Change, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, School Subjects
Short, Edmund C., "Organizing What We Know About Curriculum," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Fall, 1985), 237-243.*, Edmund C. Short
Annotation: Presents domains of curriculum knowledge and argures for determining questions for inquiry in each domain.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Research Domains and Structure, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry, Integrative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Mitchell, Earlene, "The Eight Year Study: A Story Not to Be Forgotten," The Educational Forum, 50(Fall, 1985), 11-21., Earlene Mitchell
Annotation: Reviews the Eight-Year Study and its findings; points to lessons for today.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Classics of Curriculum Literature, Curriculum History
Inglis, Fred, The Management of Ignorance: A Political Theory of the Curriculum. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985., Fred Inglis
Annotation: Critiques British curriculum ideologies of class and power; poses a political theory of curriculum.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Contexts and Societal Influences, Curriculum Conceptions and Theories
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Critical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Value Assumptions and Ideologies in Curriculum, Comparative Curriculum
Annotation: Sets forth the history of curriculum reform from 1890s to 1920s.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Describes the dominant mode of curriculum evaluation and alternative qualitative approaches with examples.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Ampliative Criticism, Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Connelly, F. Michael, and D. Jean Clandinin, "Personal Practical Knowledge and the Modes of Knowing: Relevance for Teaching and Learning," pp. 174-198 in Elliot W. Eisner, ed., Learning and Teaching the Ways of Knowing, 84th Yearbook of the NSSE, Part II. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1985., F. Michael Connelly and D. Jean Clandinin
Annotation: Stresses learning the modes of knowing within narrative unities; gives special attention to teachers' experiential modes of knowing and meaning-making.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Practical Knowledge, Teacher Knowledge
Annotation: Peresents a qualitative picture of medical education by a professor in the program.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Higher Education Curriculum
Young, Jean Helen, "Participation in Curriculum Development: An Inquiry into the Responses of Teachers," Curriculum Inquiry, 15(Winter, 1985), 387-414., Jean Helen Young
Annotation: Reports a study of teachers' responses regarding their participation in curriculum development.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Decision-making Processes, Curriculum Policies and Policy Making, Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum Deliberation
Nolan, James F., and Edmund C. Short, "Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Modes of Inquiry to Inform Curriculum Deliberation: A Proposed Framework," Curriculum Perspectives, 5(May, 1985), 15-23.*, James F. Nolan and Edmund C. Short
Annotation: Conceptualizes a three-stage model of curriculum evaluation utilizing several forms of inquiry in the context of deliberation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Evaluative Inquiry, Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research
Annotation: Contrasts two models of school evaluation: external and self-evaluation.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Change,Curriculum Evaluation,Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Conceptual Analysis,Evaluative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Program Audit/Evaluation
Annotation: Identifies ten priorities in curriculum as viewed by the author.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Research Domains and Structure,Curriculum Policies and Policy Making,Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Philosophical Inquiry-Speculative Essay,Normative Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
O'Shea, Joseph A., "A Journey to the Midway: Ralph Winfred Tyler," Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 7(Winter, 1985), 447-459., Joseph A. O'Shea
Annotation: Summarizes the work of Tyler at the University of Chicago.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Evaluation
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History
Annotation: Defines and describes aesthetic ways of knowing.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Aesthetic Inquiry and Curriculum Criticism
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Aesthetics Education, Content Selection and Organization, Curriculum and the Disciplines
Dienskl, Ien, "Beyond Words: On the Experience of the Ineffable," Phenomenology+Pedagogy, 3(1985), 3-19., Ien Dienskl
Annotation: Explores ways of describing the ineffable in qualitative studies of experience.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Phenomenological Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum as Experience, Knowledge Generation, Qualitative Research, Conceptions of Teaching
Annotation: Describes the scientific method of research and related topics.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Scientific/Empirical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Science
Burgess, Robert G., ed., Field Methods in the Study of Education . Philadelphia: Falmer Press, 1985., Robert G. Burgess
Annotation: Reports a 1982 British conference on ethnographic research; covers theoretical issues, data collection, and field methods.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Collection of Studies
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Comparative Curriculum
O'Shea, Joseph A., and George A. Antonelli, "Ralph W. Tyler: Mentor and Force for Excellence," Kappa Delta Pi Record, 22(Fall, 1985), 18-22., Joseph A. O'Shea and George A. Antonelli
Annotation: Reviews Tyler's work as teacher and professor.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Theorists, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Historical Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Curriculum History, Curriculum Professors
Annotation: Analyzes articles in six curriculum journals in 1981 for kinds of problems addressed, methods used, and solutions reached.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines, Publication Outlets for Curriculum Research and Inquiry, Defining Curriculum Research Questions
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation, Literature of Curriculum
Connelly, F. Michael, and D. Jean Clandinin, "Perspectives on Inquiry into Schooling," pp. 1-19 in Geoffrey Milburn and Robin Ennis, eds., Curriculum Canada VI . Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia, 1985., F. Michael Connelly and D. Jean Clandinin
Annotation: Gives an introduction and examples of six perspectives of inquiry into schooling.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Multiple/Mixed Forms of Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Otto, Wayne, "The Ethnography of Schooling," Journal of Reading, 28(February, 1985), 476-479.*, Wayne Otto
Annotation: Discusses briefly general considerations concerning doing ethnography in schools.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Inquiry Guidelines
Source Discipline: Education
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Ethnographic Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Knowledge Generation
Sternberg, Robert J., and David R. Caruso, "Practical Modes of Knowing," pp. 133 -158 in Elliot W. Eisner,ed., Learning and Teaching the Ways of Knowing, Eighty-fourth Yearbook of the NSSE, Part II. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1985., Robert J. Sternberg and David R. Caruso
Annotation: Defines practical knowledge and discusses the transmission and acquisition of practical knowledge.
Broad Topical Focus: Curriculum Development, Organization, Design, Curriculum Enactment and Teaching
Source Discipline: Curriculum
Mode of Inquiry in the Study: Action Inquiry, Theoretical/Conceptual Inquiry
Type of Study: Single Study
Narrow Topic: Content Selection and Organization, Practical Knowledge